MOVEMENTS OF BLACK BEARS IN THE GREAT-SMOKY MOUNTAINS-NATIONAL-PARK
MOVEMENTS OF BLACK BEARS IN THE GREAT-SMOKY MOUNTAINS-NATIONAL-PARK
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DOI：
10.2307/3808099
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发表时间：
1981-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
PELTON, MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GARSHELIS, DL;PELTON, MR
在1976年7月至12月间，对29只戴无线电项圈的黑熊（美国黑熊）的活动进行了监测。1977年在大烟山国家公园。在观察到的家庭范围中，83%的特点是使用的季节性变化突然，特别是在夏季和秋季之间。家庭范围季节性变化的时间和程度受性别、年龄、亲属关系和物候变化的影响。在丰收年，许多雄性的秋季栖息地在一个橡树丰富的地区有相当大的重叠。在干旱年份，社会的不宽容可能迫使许多亚成年雄性走出公园边界寻找食物，增加了它们被狩猎和偷猎的脆弱性。雌性占据雄性不使用的秋季觅食区；这些地区的橡树较少。成年男性的家庭范围大小（95%置信椭圆）平均为42平方公里，成年女性为15平方公里。全年的家庭范围重叠相当多，但注意到相互回避。
Movements of 29 radio-collared black bears (U. americanus) were monitored between July 1976-Dec. 1977 in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Of the observed home ranges, 83% were characterized by abrupt seasonal changes in use, especially between summer and fall. The timing and extent of seasonal shifts in the home ranges were influenced by sex, age, kinship and phenological variations between years and among sections of the study area. During good mast years, the fall home ranges of many males overlapped considerably in an area containing an abundance of oaks. During poor mast years, social intolerance may have forced many subadult males outside the park boundaries in search of food, increasing their vulnerability to hunting and poaching. Females occupied fall feeding areas not used by males; oaks were less abundant in these areas. Home range sizes (95% confidence ellipses) averaged 42 km2 for adult males and 15 km2 for adult females. Home range overlap was considerable throughout the year, but mutual avoidance was noted.