A Self-Template Strategy for the Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbon Nanofibers as Advanced Supercapacitor Electrodes
A Self-Template Strategy for the Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbon Nanofibers as Advanced Supercapacitor Electrodes
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DOI：
10.1002/aenm.201000096
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
27.8
通讯作者：
Zhao, Dongyuan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Wei;Zhang, Fan;Zhao, Dongyuan
表征：在德国Bruker D4衍射仪上用ni滤波的Cu Kα辐射（40 kV, 40 mA）记录了广角XRD图。用Quantachrome Autosorb-1-MP分析仪在77 K下测定氮吸附等温线。所有样品在测量前在300℃真空下脱气至少8小时。采用brunauer - emmet - teller （BET）法计算了相对压力范围为0.05 ~ 0.22的吸附比表面积。利用非局部密度泛函理论（NLDFT方法）的裂隙孔几何平衡模型，从等温线的吸附分支得到了孔隙尺寸分布。总孔隙体积Vt由相对压力P/P0 = 0.995时吸附量估算。采用Vt图法计算微孔体积（Vm）和微孔表面积（smmicro）。透射电镜（TEM）实验在JEOL jeem -2100 F（日本）显微镜上进行，工作电压为200 kV。用于TEM测量的样品悬浮在乙醇中，并支撑在Cu网格上的多孔碳膜上。扫描电镜（SEM）图像用Philips XL30电子显微镜在20 kV下工作。在日立S-4800显微镜上进行场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）和能量色散x射线光谱（EDX）分析。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）在Nicolet傅里叶分光光度计（美国）上采集，使用固体样品的KBr颗粒。C和H含量在Vario EL III元素分析仪（德国）上测定。XPS实验在RBD升级的ph - 5000c ESCA系统（Perkin Elmer）上进行，辐射为Mg Kα (hν= 1253.6 eV)。在德国Bruker DSX300光谱仪上，在交叉极化（CP）和魔角样品旋转（MAS）条件下进行了13c固态核磁共振实验。以金刚烷为参比，在室温下采集，频率为75 MHz（循环2 s，接触时间2.5 ms）。热重分析在Mettler Toledo TGA-SDTA851分析仪（瑞士）上进行，温度为25 ~ 800℃，空气升温速率为5℃/min。
Characterization: Wide-angle XRD patterns were recorded on a Bruker D4 diffractometer (Germany) with Ni-filtered Cu Kα radiation (40 kV, 40 mA). Nitrogen sorption isotherms were measured at 77 K on a Quantachrome Autosorb-1-MP analyzer. All of the samples were degassed under vacuum at 300 C for at least 8 h prior to measurement. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method was utilized to calculate the specific surface areas using adsorption data in a relative pressure range from 0.05 to 0.22. The pore size distributions (PSD) were derived from the adsorption branch of the isotherm using the equilibrium model of nonlocal density functional theory (NLDFT method) for slit pore geometry. The total pore volume Vt was estimated from the adsorbed amount at a relative pressure P/P0 of 0.995. The micropore volume (Vm) and micropore surface area (Smicro) were calculated from the Vt plot method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments were conducted on a JEOL JEM-2100 F microscope (Japan) operated at 200 kV. The samples for the TEM measurements were suspended in ethanol and supported onto a holey carbon film on a Cu grid. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken with a Philips XL30 electron microscopy operating at 20 kV. Field emission SEM (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were performed on a Hitachi S-4800 microscope. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were collected on a Nicolet Fourier spectrophotometer (USA), using KBr pellets of the solid samples. The C and H contents were measured on a Vario EL III elemental analyzer (Germany). XPS experiments were carried out on a RBD upgraded PHI-5000C ESCA system (Perkin Elmer) with Mg Kα radiation (hν= 1253.6 eV). 13 C solid-state NMR experiment was performed on a Bruker DSX300 spectrometer (Germany) under conditions of cross polarization (CP) and magic angle sample spinning (MAS). The spectrum was collected at room temperature with a frequency of 75 MHz (2 s recycle, 2.5 ms contact time) using adamantane as a reference. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted on a Mettler Toledo TGA-SDTA851 analyzer (Switzerland) from 25 to 800 C under air with a heating rate of 5 C/min.