Characterization and Long-Term Trends of Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Does the Science Support the Action Plan?
Characterization and Long-Term Trends of Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Does the Science Support the Action Plan?
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墨西哥湾北部缺氧的特征和长期趋势：科学支持该行动计划吗？
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Murrell
中科院分区：
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作者：
N. Rabalais;R. Turner;B. S. Gupta;D. Boesch;P. Chapman;M. Murrell
我们更新和重新评估的分布，历史和原因的大陆架缺氧，支持2001年的“行动计划，减少，减轻和控制缺氧在墨西哥湾北方，”纳入数据，出版物和研究成果，自1999年综合评估。路易斯安那州/得克萨斯州大陆架仲夏缺氧面积的度量是一个充分和适当的措施，继续努力减少密西西比河的营养负荷和缺氧在北方墨西哥湾的行动计划中概述。类似的，简单的指标，如缺氧水量或空间和时间的组合，也适用于直接公开讨论的条件和原因。简单度量的更频繁测量（例如，面积和体积）从晚春到夏末，然而，将确保该指标代表任何给定年份的系统。缺氧的长期数据，营养物质的来源，相关的生物参数，和paleoindicators继续加强密西西比河的硝酸盐氮负荷，缺氧的程度，在沿海生态系统的变化（富营养化和缺氧恶化）之间的关系。多条证据线，其中一些代表独立的数据来源，与富营养化增加的“大画面”模式一致，这是由于长期营养增加导致产量过剩，碳积累，最终
We update and reevaluate the scientific information on the distribution, history and causes of continental shelf hypoxia that supports the 2001 “Action Plan for Reducing, Mitigating, and Controlling Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico,” incorporating data, publications, and research results produced since the 1999 integrated assessment. The metric of mid-summer hypoxic area on the Louisiana/Texas shelf is an adequate and suitable measure for continued efforts to reduce nutrients loads from the Mississippi River and hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico as outlined in the Action Plan. Similar, simple metrics, such as hypoxic water volume or combinations of space and time, would also be suitable for a straightforward public discourse of condition and causes. More frequent measurements of simple metrics (e.g., area and volume) from late spring through late summer, however, would ensure that the metric is representative of the system in any given year. The long-term data on hypoxia, sources of nutrients, associated biological parameters, and paleoindicators continue to strengthen the relationship between the nitrate-N load of the Mississippi River, the extent of hypoxia, and changes in the coastal ecosystem (eutrophication and worsening hypoxia). Multiple lines of evidence, some of them representing independent data sources, are consistent with the ‘big picture’ pattern of increased eutrophication as a result of long-term nutrient increases that result in excess production, carbon accumulation and ultimately