Health Care Professionals' Clinical Skills to Address Vaping and e-Cigarette Use by Patients: Needs and Interest Questionnaire Study.
Health Care Professionals' Clinical Skills to Address Vaping and e-Cigarette Use by Patients: Needs and Interest Questionnaire Study.
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DOI：
10.2196/32242
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发表时间：
2022-04-11
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
蒸发和电子烟的广泛使用是一个相对较新的现象。青年电子烟在2019年达到顶峰，目前有超过25%的高中生使用电子烟。电子烟被用于不允许吸烟的地方，或者作为一种替代戒烟疗法，而不是食品和药物管理局批准的选项。电子烟和电子烟的使用有可能损害健康，包括造成不良的呼吸道影响和尼古丁成瘾。卫生保健专业人员需要技能培训，以帮助他们的患者解决这一相对较新和不断演变的健康问题。本研究的目的是了解卫生保健专业人员在该学科领域的培训需求，以确定基于网络的继续教育培训的重点。我们回顾了有关蒸发和电子烟使用的临床方面的文献。利用结果和我们在物质使用继续教育方面的经验，我们创建了一个关键临床技能清单，并调查了卫生保健专业人员的培训需求。我们还询问了他们对相关主题列表的兴趣。我们招募了完成我们关于物质使用的网络课程的个人，与医疗保健相关的专业团体的成员，以及发表了一篇关于这个主题的文章的专家。在完成调查的31名卫生保健专业人员中，有一半是医生，其余的主要是护士、社会工作者和咨询师。参与者自称为蒸发方面的非专家(n=25)和专家(n=6)。非专家参与者平均同意或强烈同意他们需要在8项临床技能中的每一项进行培训(n=25；范围3.7-4.4(满分5分))。排名前两位的技能是为患者推荐治疗(4.4分，SD0.49)和评估和治疗电子烟和电子烟的健康影响(4.4分，SD0.50)。专家们一致认为，对卫生保健专业人员进行所有技能培训的重要性，但对每个主题的培训需求都高于非专家。超过一半的参与卫生保健专业人员(44%-80%)对清单上几乎所有(9/10，90%)与蒸发相关的主题感兴趣。参与者最感兴趣的话题是电子烟与吸烟的利弊，以及二手和第三手电子烟对健康的影响。初级保健医师比非初级保健医师对蒸发相关话题更感兴趣(T13=2.17；P=0.02)。这项研究确认了文献中发现的卫生保健专业人员蒸发相关临床技能方面的差距，确定了对相关技能培训的感知需求，以及卫生保健专业人员对与蒸发预防和戒烟相关的关键主题的兴趣。这项研究就哪些临床技能培训是最需要的，哪些话题是卫生保健专业人员最感兴趣的提供了具体的指导。
Widespread vaping and e-cigarette use is a relatively new phenomenon. Youth vaping peaked in 2019, with over 25% of high school students currently vaping. e-Cigarettes are used where smoking is not permitted or as an alternative smoking cessation treatment instead of Food and Drug Administration–approved options. Vaping and e-cigarette use has the potential to harm health, including causing adverse respiratory effects and nicotine addiction. Health care professionals need skills training to help their patients with this relatively new and evolving health problem. The aim of this study is to understand health care professionals’ training needs in this subject area to determine the focus for web-based continuing education training. We reviewed the literature on clinical aspects of vaping and e-cigarette use. Using the results and our experience in substance use continuing education, we created a list of key clinical skills and surveyed health care professionals about their training needs. We also asked about their interest in a list of related topics. We recruited individuals who completed our web-based courses on substance use, members of health care professional–related groups, and experts who had published an article on the subject. Half of the 31 health care professionals who completed the survey were physicians and the remainder were primarily nurses, social workers, and counselors. Participants self-identified as nonexperts (n=25) and experts (n=6) on vaping. Participants who were nonexperts on average agreed or strongly agreed that they needed training in each of 8 clinical skills (n=25; range 3.7-4.4 agreement out of 5). The top two skills were recommending treatments for patients (4.4 out of 5, SD 0.49) and evaluating and treating the health effects of vaping and e-cigarette use (4.4 out of 5, SD 0.50). Experts agreed on the importance of training for health care professionals in all skills but rated the need for training higher than nonexperts for each topic. Over half of the participating health care professionals (44%-80%) were interested in nearly all (9/10, 90%) vaping-related topics on a checklist. The topics participants were most interested in were the pros and cons of vaping versus smoking and the health effects of second- and third-hand vaping. Primary care physicians showed more interest in vaping-related topics than nonprimary care physicians (t13=2.17; P=.02). This study confirmed gaps in health care professionals’ vaping-related clinical skills identified in the literature by identifying a perceived need for training in related skills and health care professionals’ interest in key topics related to vaping prevention and cessation. This study provides specific guidance on which clinical skills training is most needed and which topics are most interesting to health care professionals.
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