The Effect of Temperature and Moisture on Colonization of Apple Fruit and Branches by Botryosphaeria dothidea.
The Effect of Temperature and Moisture on Colonization of Apple Fruit and Branches by Botryosphaeria dothidea.
复制标题
温度和湿度对苹果果实和枝条上葡萄孢菌定殖的影响。
DOI：
10.1094/phyto-11-21-0487-r
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Liu J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu J
葡萄孢菌 (Botryosphaeria dothide) 在中国苹果树上引起严重病害。在‘富士’苹果上检查了苹果果实和枝条的分生孢子萌发、定殖和侵染过程，并在受控环境中研究了温度、表面湿度和相对湿度（RH）以及寄主表面冲洗液对这些过程的影响。最初的芽管发育和菌丝生长导致宿主表面的定植，但没有形成感染结构。菌丝在宿主表面呈放射状扩张，进入皮孔后，发育成致密的菌丝体或分化的假薄壁组织。来自假薄壁组织底部的菌丝或者直接穿过细胞层细胞间穿透皮孔表面，或者形成未分化的菌丝通过皮孔发育过程中形成的裂缝侵入皮孔。分生孢子萌发和菌丝定殖发生在 10 至 40°C 之间，最适温度约为 28°C。分生孢子萌发需要相对湿度 > 95% 或表面湿度，但对于菌丝定植，相对湿度 > 90% 就足够了。在最佳条件下，分生孢子在1 h内萌发并形成芽管。然而，病原体需要在相对湿度 > 90% 或表面湿度下较长时间，菌丝才能在宿主表面定殖并形成假薄壁组织或致密菌丝体。菌丝定植是B.B.感染苹果组织的关键阶段。 dothidea。
Botryosphaeria dothideacauses severe disease of apple trees in China. The process of conidium germination, colonization, and infection of apple fruit and branches was examined on ‘Fuji’ apple and the effect of temperature, surface wetness and relative humidity (RH), and host surface washates on these processes was studied in controlled environments. Initial germ tube development and hyphal growth resulted in the colonization of the host surface without forming an infection structure. Hyphae expanded radially across the host surface and, after entering lenticels, developed into a dense mycelium mass or differentiated pseudoparenchyma. Hyphae from the bottom of the pseudoparenchyma either directly penetrated the lenticel surface intercellularly through the cell layer, or formed an undifferentiated hypha that invaded the lenticel through cracks formed during the lenticel development. Conidial germination and hyphal colonization occurred at 10 to 40°C, with an optimum of approximately 28°C. Conidial germination required an RH > 95% or surface wetness but, for hyphal colonization, an RH > 90% was sufficient. Conidia germinated and formed germ tubes within 1 h under optimum conditions. However, the pathogen required a longer period at RH > 90% or surface wetness for hyphae to colonize and form pseudoparenchyma or dense mycelia on the host surface. Hyphal colonization is a crucial stage for infection of apple tissues byB. dothidea.