Engineering Fat Cell Fate to Fight Obesity and Metabolic Diseases.
Engineering Fat Cell Fate to Fight Obesity and Metabolic Diseases.
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DOI：
10.2302/kjm.64-004-abst
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kajimura, Shingo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kajimura, Shingo
所有哺乳动物都具有两种类型的脂肪组织，它们具有不同的生理功能：白色脂肪组织（WAT）和棕色脂肪组织（BAT）。WAT的功能主要是储存多余的能量，而BAT专门以热量的形式耗散能量，并作为对体温过低和肥胖的防御。由于成年人体内存在大量活跃的BAT，其质量与肥胖呈负相关，因此BAT在人类肥胖和能量平衡中起着重要作用。新的证据表明，两种类型的产热脂肪细胞具有不同的发育和解剖特征：经典棕色脂肪细胞和米色脂肪细胞。经典的棕色脂肪细胞主要位于啮齿动物和婴儿的专用BAT库中。另一方面，米色脂肪细胞主要存在于皮下WAT中，其中它们在出生后响应于某些外部线索而产生，例如慢性寒冷暴露和用PPAR激动剂的长期治疗，该过程通常被称为WAT的“布朗宁”。重要的是，成人BAT似乎主要由米色样脂肪细胞组成，使这种细胞类型成为肥胖和肥胖相关疾病（如胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病）的有吸引力的治疗靶点。我将回顾棕色和米色脂肪细胞发育的分子控制的最新进展，并讨论新出现的问题。（提交2015年12月21日第1912次会议）。
All mammals harbor two types of adipose tissues that serve distinct physiological functions: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). WAT functions mainly in the storage of excess energy, while BAT specializes in dissipating energy in the form of heat and functions as a defense against hypothermia and obesity. Since adult humans possess significant amounts of active BAT depots and it's mass inversely correlates with adiposity, BAT plays an important role in human obesity and energy homeostasis.New evidence suggests two types of thermogenic adipocytes with distinct developmental and anatomical features: classical brown adipocytes and beige adipocytes. Classical brown adipocytes are located mainly in dedicated BAT depots of rodents and infants. Beige adipocytes, on the other hand, reside mainly in subcutaneous WAT where they arise postnatally in response to certain external cues, such as chronic cold exposure and long-term treatment with PPAR- agonists, a process often referred to as the "browning" of WAT. Importantly, adult human BAT appears to be mainly composed of beige-like adipocytes, making this cell type an attractive therapeutic target for obesity and obesity-related diseases, such as insulin resistance and type2 diabetes. I will review recent progress in the molecular control of brown and beige adipocyte development and discuss emerging questions.(Presented at the 1912th Meeting, December 21, 2015).