Hydrological and erosional response to natural rainfall in a semi‐arid area of south‐east Spain
Hydrological and erosional response to natural rainfall in a semi‐arid area of south‐east Spain
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/hyp.146
复制
发表时间：
2001-03
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
M. Martínez-Mena;V. Castillo;J. Albaladejo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Martínez-Mena;V. Castillo;J. Albaladejo
更好地了解水对土壤侵蚀的影响对于在地中海半干旱环境中规划有效的水土保持措施至关重要。然而，这些地区特殊的气候和水文特征使准确的土壤流失预测变得困难，特别是在缺乏最基本数据的情况下。两个零级实验微集水区（328-759 m2），代表了西班牙东南部具有高潜在侵蚀风险的广泛半干旱流域，被选择并监测了3年（1991-93），以提供水文和侵蚀响应的信息。在每次暴雨期间，降雨量图和水文过程图每隔1分钟记录一次数据，然后收集土壤流失量并分析沉积物的粒度。该地区的径流系数约为9%，土壤流失量在84.83和298.9 g m−2年−1之间。快速响应时间（几何平均值低于2小时）和低径流阈值（平均值在3.5至5.9毫米之间）是实验区的标准。在这些地区，超过15 mm h−1的降雨强度被认为是“侵蚀性降雨”，因为总的土壤流失和地表径流的运输能力。孔径分布的差异解释了不同区域之间观察到的不同水文响应。侵蚀响应更为复杂，似乎基本上是由土壤团聚体的稳定性和地形特性。侵蚀物质中的细颗粒比例大于土壤基质中的细颗粒比例，表明选择性侵蚀和细颗粒物质的运输。版权所有© 2001约翰威利父子有限公司。
A better knowledge of soil erosion by water is essential for planning effective soil and water conservation practices in semi‐arid Mediterranean environments. The special climatic and hydrological characteristics of these areas, however, make accurate soil loss predictions difficult, particularly in the absence of minimal data. Two zero‐order experimental microcatchments (328–759 m2), representative of an extensive semi‐arid watershed with a high potential erosion risk in the south‐east of Spain, were selected and monitored for 3 years (1991–93) in order to provide information on the hydrological and erosional response. A pluviogram and hydrograph recorded data at 1‐min intervals during each storm, after which the soil loss was collected and the particle size of the sediment was analysed. Runoff coefficients of about 9% and soil losses of between 84·83 and 298·9 g m−2 year−1 were observed in the area. Rapid response times (geometric mean values lower than 2 h) and low runoff thresholds (mean values between 3·5 to 5·9 mm) were the norm in the experimental areas. A rain intensity of over 15 mm h−1 was considered as ‘erosive rainfall’ in these areas because of the total soil loss and the transport capacity of the overland flow. Differences in pore‐size distribution explained the different hydrological responses observed between areas. The erosional response was more complex and basically seemed to be determined by soil aggregate stability and topographical properties. A greater proportion of finer particles in the eroded material than in the soil matrix indicated selective erosion and the transport of finer material. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.