Nanolattices: An Emerging Class of Mechanical Metamaterials
Nanolattices: An Emerging Class of Mechanical Metamaterials
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DOI：
10.1002/adma.201701850
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发表时间：
2017-10-25
影响因子：
29.4
通讯作者：
Valdevit, Lorenzo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bauer, Jens;Meza, Lucas R.;Valdevit, Lorenzo
1903年，亚历山大格雷厄姆·贝尔（Graham Bell）提出了一种设计原理，以三角形单元为基础，产生轻质、机械坚固的晶格结构;此后，这在轻质设计中得到了广泛的应用。一百多年后，同样的原理被用于制造纳米晶格材料，即由纳米级成分组成的晶格结构。利用纳米颗粒、纳米线和薄膜典型的尺寸依赖性，纳米晶格重新定义了不同学科中可访问的材料属性空间的限制。在此，纳米晶格的特殊的机械性能，包括其抗弯强度，损伤容限和刚度，进行审查，并检查其潜在的多功能应用超越力学。结构和尺寸影响特性的有效整合是进一步开发纳米晶格的关键。层次结构的引入是增强机械性能的有效工具，纳米晶格设计的最终目标可能是复制生物材料中观察到的复杂层次和功能。增材制造和自组装技术使纳米尺度的晶格设计成为可能;纳米晶格制造的规模扩大目前是其在技术应用中广泛使用的主要挑战。
In 1903, Alexander Graham Bell developed a design principle to generate lightweight, mechanically robust lattice structures based on triangular cells; this has since found broad application in lightweight design. Over one hundred years later, the same principle is being used in the fabrication of nanolattice materials, namely lattice structures composed of nanoscale constituents. Taking advantage of the size-dependent properties typical of nanoparticles, nanowires, and thin films, nanolattices redefine the limits of the accessible material-property space throughout different disciplines. Herein, the exceptional mechanical performance of nanolattices, including their ultrahigh strength, damage tolerance, and stiffness, are reviewed, and their potential for multifunctional applications beyond mechanics is examined. The efficient integration of architecture and size-affected properties is key to further develop nanolattices. The introduction of a hierarchical architecture is an effective tool in enhancing mechanical properties, and the eventual goal of nanolattice design may be to replicate the intricate hierarchies and functionalities observed in biological materials. Additive manufacturing and self-assembly techniques enable lattice design at the nanoscale; the scaling-up of nanolattice fabrication is currently the major challenge to their widespread use in technological applications.