Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI).
Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI).
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-61737-992-5_7
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pautler, Robia G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Massaad, Cynthia A;Pautler, Robia G
锰离子（Mn 2+）作为MRI造影剂的使用早在20多年前就被引入麻醉大鼠中的Mn 2+毒性研究。锰增强MRI（MEMRI）在90年代后期发展起来，当时Koretsky和同事率先使用MEMRI进行脑活动测量以及神经束追踪。目前，MEMRI在生物系统中有三个主要应用：（1）解剖细节的对比度增强，（2）活动依赖性评估和（3）神经元连接或束跟踪的跟踪。MEMRI依赖于Mn 2+的以下三个主要性质：（1）它是一种顺磁性离子，可缩短组织的自旋晶格弛豫时间常数（T1），在组织中积累并因此用作优良的T1造影剂;（2）它是一种钙（Ca 2+）类似物，可通过电压门控Ca 2+通道进入可兴奋细胞，如神经元和心脏细胞;一旦进入细胞，Mn ~（2+）可通过微管依赖性轴突运输沿着轴突运输，也可跨突触跨突触到达邻近神经元。本章将强调MEMRI在生物系统中使用的方法。
The use of manganese ions (Mn2+) as an MRI contrast agent was introduced over 20 years ago in studies of Mn2+ toxicity in anesthetized rats. Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) evolved in the late nineties when Koretsky and associates pioneered the use of MEMRI for brain activity measurements as well as neuronal tract tracing. Currently, MEMRI has three primary applications in biological systems: (1) contrast enhancement for anatomical detail, (2) activity-dependent assessment and (3) tracing of neuronal connections or tract tracing. MEMRI relies upon the following three main properties of Mn2+: (1) it is a paramagnetic ion that shortens the spin lattice relaxation time constant (T1) of tissues, where it accumulates and hence functions as an excellent T1 contrast agent; (2) it is a calcium (Ca2+) analog that can enter excitable cells, such as neurons and cardiac cells via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels; and (3) once in the cells Mn2+ can be transported along axons by microtubule-dependent axonal transport and can also cross synapses trans-synaptically to neighboring neurons. This chapter will emphasize the methodological approaches towards the use of MEMRI in biological systems.