On the use of cholera toxin
On the use of cholera toxin
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DOI：
10.1007/s10719-018-9818-7
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发表时间：
2018-04-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Sonnino, Sandro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chiricozzi, Elena;Mauri, Laura;Sonnino, Sandro
然后，CT衍生物和用于分析免疫染色的抗CT抗体迅速发展用于分析目的。目前，免疫吸附、ELISA和TLC程序可用于通过CT结合来检测和定量神经节苷脂GM1。此外，分离后在薄层色谱板上处理唾液酸酶，可以分析几种神经节苷脂混合物成分[3-6]。在接下来的几年里，更多的研究报告了CT识别的其他糖脂，如四己糖神经酰胺(Gg4Cer)、GM2、GM3、Fuc-GM1、GD1a、GD1b GT1b和扩展的GM1[7-10]。除了Fuc-GM1显示出与GM1相似的Kb外，与CT的结合常数一般要高得多。已发现复合脂多糖[12]和糖蛋白[13]也与CT具有相似的结合常数。最近，从肠上皮细胞中提取的部分特征岩藻糖化和唾液酸化的糖蛋白导致了与CT亲和力最高的细胞表面配体[14，15]。除了这些观察之外，CT与多糖的结合，就像任何配体与其受体的结合一样，取决于配体本身在表面的隐蔽性(可获得性)。表1报告了CT对不同糖链和糖偶联物的反应性。综上所述，上述信息表明，CT可以结合到各种携带多糖的糖偶联物上，显示出识别和稳定相互作用所需的最低结构要求。
Then, CT derivatives and anti-CT antibodies for analytical immunostaining were rapidly developed for analytical purposes. Today immune-absorbent-, ELISA-and TLC-procedures, are available for detection and quantitation of the ganglioside GM1 through CT binding. In addition, sialidase treatment on TLC plate after separation allows analysis of several ganglioside mixture components [3–6]. In the following years, additional studies reported that other glycolipids were recognized by CT, such as tetrahexosylceramide (Gg4Cer), GM2, GM3, Fuc-GM1, GD1a, GD1b GT1b and extended GM1 [7–10]. The binding constant to CT was in general much higher with exception of Fuc-GM1 displaying a Kb similar to that for GM1 [11].Complex lipopolysaccharides [12] and glycoproteins [13] have been found also to bind CT with similar binding constants. Recently, a partially characterized fucosylated and sialylated glycoprotein extracted from intestinal epithelial cells resulted the cell surface ligand with the highest affinity for CT [14, 15]. In addition to these observations, the association of CT to glycans, as in the case of the association of any ligand with its receptor, depends by the crypticity (availability) of the ligand itself on the surface. Table 1 reports the reactivity of CT for different glycans and glycoconjugates. All together, the above information suggests that CT can bind to a variety of glycoconjugates carrying a glycan showing the minimum structural requirement necessary for the recognition and stable interaction.