POTENTIAL FOR TRANSMISSION OF AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUSES TO PIGS
POTENTIAL FOR TRANSMISSION OF AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUSES TO PIGS
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DOI：
10.1099/0022-1317-75-9-2183
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发表时间：
1994-09-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
WEBSTER, RG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
KIDA, H;ITO, T;WEBSTER, RG
甲型流感病毒的大流行毒株是由禽流感病毒和人类病毒的基因重组引起的。猪被认为是产生这种重组的中间宿主。为了使猪在基因重组事件中充当“混合容器”，它们必须对人类和禽流感病毒都敏感。然而，禽流感病毒在猪体内复制的能力尚未得到全面研究。在这项研究中，我们评估了42株流感病毒在猪体内的生长潜力。其中，38株为禽毒株，包括27株具有非人类型血凝素（HA； H4至H13）。每种HA亚型至少有一种毒株在猪的呼吸道中复制5至7天，达到与猪和人病毒相当的水平。这些结果表明，带有或不带有非人类型HAs的禽流感病毒都可以传播给猪，从而提高了将其基因引入人类的可能性。感染禽流感病毒的猪血清在ELISA和中和试验中显示出高滴度的抗体，但不抑制同源病毒的血凝，因此使用血凝抑制试验来鉴定感染禽流感病毒的猪需要谨慎。猪与一种猪病毒和一种无法在猪体内复制的禽病毒的共同感染产生了重组病毒，其聚合酶和HA基因完全来自禽类，可以在猪体内传代。这一发现表明，即使是不能在猪体内复制的禽流感病毒，也能在基因重组的产生中发挥作用。
Pandemic strains of influenza A virus arise by genetic reassortment between avian and human viruses. Pigs have been suggested to generate such reassortants as intermediate hosts. In order for pigs to serve as 'mixing vessels' in genetic reassortment events, they must be susceptible to both human and avian influenza viruses. The ability of avian influenza viruses to replicate in pigs, however, has not been examined comprehensively. In this study, we assessed the growth potential of 42 strains of influenza virus in pigs. Of these, 38 were avian strains, including 27 with non-human-type haemagglutinins (HA; H4 to H13). At least one strain of each HA subtype replicated in the respiratory tract of pigs for 5 to 7 days to a level equivalent to that of swine and human viruses. These results indicate that avian influenza viruses with or without non-human-type HAs can be transmitted to pigs, thus raising the possibility of introduction of their genes into humans. Sera from pigs infected with avian viruses showed high titres of antibodies in ELISA and neutralization tests, but did not inhibit haemagglutination of homologous viruses, cautioning against the use of haemagglutination-inhibition tests to identify pigs infected with avian influenza viruses. Co-infection of pigs with a swine virus and with an avian virus unable to replicate in this animal generated reassortant viruses, whose polymerase and HA genes were entirely of avian origin, that could be passaged in pigs. This finding indicates that even avian viruses that do not replicate in pigs can contribute genes in the generation of reassortants.