The European Union approach to flood risk management and improving societal resilience: lessons from the implementation of the Floods Directive in six European countries
The European Union approach to flood risk management and improving societal resilience: lessons from the implementation of the Floods Directive in six European countries
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DOI：
10.5751/es-08913-210450
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Homewood, Stephen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Priest, Sally J.;Suykens, Cathy;Homewood, Stephen
洪水风险管理方法的多样性通常被认为是一种优势。然而，在某些国家，特别是跨界河流，各种方法的多变性和不兼容性可能会降低洪水风险管理的有效性。在洪水风险不断增加以及洪水有可能破坏欧盟可持续发展目标的背景下，提高社会抵御洪水能力的愿望促使欧洲共同框架的出台。我们提供了一个法律的和政策分析的洪水指令（2007/60/EC）的实施在六个国家：比利时（佛兰芒地区），英国，法国，荷兰，波兰和瑞典。现有法律的和政策文献中的评价标准构成了对该指令及其通过采用适应性治理办法增强或限制社会复原力的影响的研究框架。这些标准最初用于分析欧盟方法的关键组成部分，然后提供在国家一级执行指令的见解。欧洲的目标到现有的洪水风险管理的法律的翻译的异同进行了分析，他们的政策和实践的相对影响。该研究强调，洪水指令对提高社会复原力的影响在全国范围内存在差异，部分原因是其侧重于程序性义务，而不是更实质性的要求。分析表明，尽管重点是跨界河流流域管理，现有的洪水风险管理的传统已经凌驾于目标，以协调洪水风险管理在某些情况下。可以通过要求更严格的合作和赋予国际河流流域地区主管当局更大的权力来加强该指令。尽管在直接影响洪水风险结果方面存在一些缺陷，但该指令积极促进了可能落后的国家的讨论和洪水风险管理规划。
Diversity in flood risk management approaches is often considered to be a strength. However, in some national settings, and especially for transboundary rivers, variability and incompatibility of approaches can reduce the effectiveness of flood risk management. Placed in the context of increasing flood risks, as well as the potential for flooding to undermine the European Union's sustainable development goals, a desire to increase societal resilience to flooding has prompted the introduction of a common European Framework. We provide a legal and policy analysis of the implementation of the Floods Directive (2007/60/EC) in six countries: Belgium (Flemish region), England, France, the Netherlands, Poland, and Sweden. Evaluation criteria from existing legal and policy literature frame the study of the Directive and its effect on enhancing or constraining societal resilience by using an adaptive governance approach. These criteria are initially used to analyze the key components of the EU approach, before providing insight of the implementation of the Directive at a national level. Similarities and differences in the legal translation of European goals into existing flood risk management are analyzed alongside their relative influence on policy and practice. The research highlights that the effect of the Floods Directive on increasing societal resilience has been nationally variable, in part because of its focus on procedural obligations, rather than on more substantive requirements. Analysis shows that despite a focus on transboundary river basin management, existing traditions of flood risk management have overridden objectives to harmonize flood risk management in some cases. The Directive could be strengthened by requiring more stringent cooperation and providing the competent authorities in international river basin districts with more power. Despite some shortcomings in directly affecting flood risk outcomes, the Directive has positively stimulated discussion and flood risk management planning in countries that were perhaps lagging behind.