Panmodal processing imprecision as a basis for dysfunction of transient memory storage systems in schizophrenia
Panmodal processing imprecision as a basis for dysfunction of transient memory storage systems in schizophrenia
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DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033417
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Shelley, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Javitt, DC;Liederman, E;Shelley, A
精神分裂症是一种与认知障碍相关的严重精神障碍，可能反映了大脑短暂记忆存储系统功能的潜在缺陷。本研究考察了三种不同任务(1)音调识别、(2)物体重量识别和(3)“AX”型视觉连续执行任务的表现。所使用的测试是为了调查在精神分裂症患者的多个感觉和认知领域中观察到的类似表现缺陷模式的程度。在每一种范式中，都出现了相似的模式：精神分裂症受试者在表现依赖于瞬时记忆系统的功能时，表现出严重的表现缺陷。然而，在短时和长间刺激间隔（ISI）时，这种缺陷都很明显，精神分裂症受试者并不比对照组更受ISI增加的影响。此外，当短期ISI表现通过操纵任务难度在各组之间匹配时，随后的表现衰减在各组之间是相同的。因此，尽管精神分裂症受试者在依赖记忆的任务中表现出严重的表现缺陷，但这种缺陷似乎并不反映瞬时记忆本身的受损。相反，它们似乎反映了这些系统的操作精度受到损害，而不管必须维持多长时间的表示。加工精度的严重缺陷，尽管相对保留了表征的维持，可能与精神分裂症的病理生理模型有关。
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder associated with cognitive disturbances that may reflect underlying deficits in the functioning of brain transient memory storage systems. This study investigates performance in three distinct tasks that require transient memory storage: (1) tone discrimination, (2) object weight discrimination, and (3) "AX"-type visual continuous performance task. The tests used were chosen to investigate the degree to which a similar pattern of performance deficit could be observed across multiple sensory and cognitive domains in schizophrenia. In each of the paradigms, a similar pattern emerged: subjects with schizophrenia showed severe performance deficits whenever performance depended on functioning of transient memory systems. The deficits were apparent at both short and long interstimulus intervals (ISI), however, and schizophrenia subjects were no more affected by increasing ISI than were controls. Moreover, when short ISI performance was matched across groups by manipulating task difficulty, subsequent decay in performance was equivalent across groups. Thus, although schizophrenia subjects show severe performance deficits in memory-dependent tasks, the deficits do not appear to reflect impaired transient memory per se. Rather, they appear to reflect impaired precision of operation of such systems, irrespective of the duration over which representations must be maintained. The severe deficits in processing precision, despite the relatively preserved maintenance of representation, may be relevant to pathophysiological models of schizophrenia.