Relation of family responsibilities and gender to the productivity and career satisfaction of medical faculty
Relation of family responsibilities and gender to the productivity and career satisfaction of medical faculty
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DOI：
10.7326/0003-4819-129-7-199810010-00004
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发表时间：
1998-10-01
影响因子：
39.2
通讯作者：
Moskowitz, MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carr, PL;Ash, AS;Moskowitz, MA
背景资料：研究发现，女教师发表的文章较少，职业发展较慢，而且在学术生涯中通常比男教师更困难。家庭关系（依赖）责任性别和学术生产力是不清楚的。目的：描述依赖责任的性别和确定其关系的愿望，目标，速度的进展，学术生产力，和职业满意度的男性和女性医学院教师。设计：177项调查问卷。设置：24个随机选择的医学院在连续的美国。参与者：1979年受访者从全职学术医学院facility.Measurements的概率样本：测量学术生产力的主要终点是在被引用的期刊的出版物的总数。感知的职业进步和职业满意度进行了评估，通过使用Likert scales.Results：对于男性和女性的教师，超过90%的时间用于家庭责任是花在照顾孩子。在有孩子的教师中，女性在学术生涯中遇到的障碍更大，机构支持也更少，包括来自机构的研究资金（46%比57%; P < 0.001）和秘书支持（0.68全职当量比0.83全职当量; P = 0.003）。与有孩子的男性相比，有孩子的女性发表文章较少（18.3比29.3; P < 0.001），自我感知的职业进展较慢（2.6比3.1; P < 0.001），职业满意度较低（5.9比6.6; P < 0.001）。然而，性别之间没有显着差异被认为是教师没有childing.Conclusions：没有孩子的女教师相比，与男性相比，有孩子的女教师面临的主要障碍，在学术生涯。其中一些障碍可以很容易地改变（例如，通过消除下班后的会议和创建兼职职业轨道）。医学院应该解决这些障碍，并为有孩子的教师提供支持。
Background: Studies have found that female faculty publish less, have slower career progress, and generally have a more difficult time in academic careers than male faculty. The relation of family (dependent) responsibilities to gender and academic productivity is unclear.Objective: To describe dependent responsibilities by gender and to identify their relation to the aspirations, goals, rate of progress, academic productivity, and career satisfaction of male and female medical school faculty.Design: 177-item survey questionnaire.Setting: 24 randomly selected medical schools in the contiguous United States.Participants: 1979 respondents from a probability sample of full-time academic medical school faculty.Measurements: The main end point for measuring academic productivity was the total number of publications in refereed journals. Perceived career progress and career satisfaction were assessed by using Likert scales.Results: For both male and female faculty, more than 90% of time devoted to family responsibilities was spent on child care. Among faculty with children, women had greater obstacles to academic careers and less institutional support, including research funding from their institutions (46% compared with 57%; P < 0.001) and secretarial sup port (0.68 full-time equivalents compared with 0.83 full-time equivalents; P = 0.003), than men. Compared with men with children, women with children had fewer publications (18.3 compared with 29.3; P < 0.001), slower self-perceived career progress (2.6 compared with 3.1; P < 0.001), and lower career satisfaction (5.9 compared with 6.6; P < 0.001). However, no significant differences between the sexes were seen for faculty without children.Conclusions: Compared with female faculty without children and compared with men, female faculty with children face major obstacles in academic careers. Some of these obstacles can be easily modified (for example, by eliminating after-hours meetings and creating part-time career tracks). Medical schools should address these obstacles and provide support for faculty with children.