Informational masking of speech in children: effects of ipsilateral and contralateral distracters.
Informational masking of speech in children: effects of ipsilateral and contralateral distracters.
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DOI：
10.1121/1.2082567
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发表时间：
2005-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. Wightman;D. Kistler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Wightman;D. Kistler
使用被认为受信息掩蔽严重影响的封闭式语音识别范式，对38名儿童（4-16岁）和8名成人（20-30岁）进行了听觉选择性注意测量。该任务需要注意的单耳目标语音消息，提出了一个时间同步的干扰信息在同一只耳朵。在某些情况下，第二个干扰信息或语音形状的噪音被呈现给另一只耳朵。与成年人相比，儿童需要更高的目标/分心比达到可比的性能水平，反映了更多的信息掩蔽在这些听众。在大多数情况下，信息掩蔽被证实的事实，即很大一部分的错误，由听者包含在分心的消息（S）。有一个单调的年龄效应，即使是最大年龄组（13.6-16岁）的儿童表现出比成年人更差的性能。对于儿童和成人，在对侧耳中的额外干扰物的呈现显着降低性能，即使当干扰物信息是由不同性别的谈话者比目标谈话者产生的。这一结果与纯音掩蔽研究的早期报告一致，即儿童的信息掩蔽效应比成人大得多。
Using a closed-set speech recognition paradigm thought to be heavily influenced by informational masking, auditory selective attention was measured in 38 children (ages 4-16 years) and 8 adults (ages 20-30 years). The task required attention to a monaural target speech message that was presented with a time-synchronized distracter message in the same ear. In some conditions a second distracter message or a speech-shaped noise was presented to the other ear. Compared to adults, children required higher target/distracter ratios to reach comparable performance levels, reflecting more informational masking in these listeners. Informational masking in most conditions was confirmed by the fact that a large proportion of the errors made by the listeners were contained in the distracter message(s). There was a monotonic age effect, such that even the children in the oldest age group (13.6-16 years) demonstrated poorer performance than adults. For both children and adults, presentation of an additional distracter in the contralateral ear significantly reduced performance, even when the distracter messages were produced by a talker of different sex than the target talker. The results are consistent with earlier reports from pure-tone masking studies that informational masking effects are much larger in children than in adults.