Range Selection by Semi-Domesticated Reindeer {Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Relation to Infrastructure and Human Activity in the Boreal Forest Environment, Northern Finland
Range Selection by Semi-Domesticated Reindeer {Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Relation to Infrastructure and Human Activity in the Boreal Forest Environment, Northern Finland
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芬兰北部北方森林环境中半驯化驯鹿（Rangifer tarandus tarandus）的活动范围选择与基础设施和人类活动的关系
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Colpaert
中科院分区：
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作者：
Marja Anttonen;J. Kumpula;A. Colpaert
在过去几十年中，北方纬度地区的基础设施和人类活动有所增加。虽然人类发展对野生驯鹿和驯鹿的影响已得到广泛研究，但对半放牧驯鹿和驯鹿放牧环境的影响仍然知之甚少。我们研究了七种不同的人类活动（人口中心，建筑物，主要道路，森林道路，雪地摩托车轨道，滑雪道，和淘金区）如何影响半驯化驯鹿在北方芬兰拉普兰地区的范围选择使用GPS跟踪数据的29只雌性驯鹿。数据进行了分析，使用组成分析两个空间尺度（家域选择和内的家域选择），并在三个季节（初冬，冬末，夏秋）。结果表明，在冬季，驯鹿强烈避免几乎所有的研究人类活动时，选择家庭范围的地区（森林道路，方向的影响是不清楚的），但在夏季和秋季，只有一些这些活动是重要的。在选定的家域范围内，驯鹿对牧场的使用似乎对基础设施和人类活动不太敏感，这可能是因为驯鹿能够在较高的生境选择水平上避免这些人为干扰。受基础设施影响的潜在累积面积的大小随季节变化的研究面积的27.5%和39.0%之间计算的基础上，家庭范围内的选择，7.2%和20.3%之间计算。最强的基础设施的回避，发现在冬末的范围内选择的两个尺度，但最弱的回避是在初冬的家庭范围内的选择和夏季的家庭范围内的选择。在对驯鹿放牧重要的地区规划新的土地使用业务时，应考虑到不同人类活动对驯鹿放牧区可用性价值的累积影响。
During past decades, the amounts of infrastructure and human activity have increased in northern latitudes. Although the effects of human development on wild reindeer and caribou have been widely examined, its effects on semidomesticated reindeer and the reindeer herding environment are still poorly understood. We studied how seven different human activities (population centres, buildings, main roads, forest roads, snowmobile tracks, skiing trails, and gold digging areas) affect the range selection by semi-domesticated reindeer in northern Finnish Lapland using GPS tracking data on 29 female reindeer. Data were analyzed using compositional analysis on two spatial scales (home range selection and within-home-range selection) and in three seasonal periods (early winter, late winter, and summer-autumn). Results showed that during winter, reindeer strongly avoided almost all studied human activities when selecting home range areas (for forest roads, the direction of the effect was unclear), but in summer and autumn, only some of those activities were important. Within the selected home range areas, pasture use by reindeer appears to be less sensitive to infrastructure and human activity, probably because reindeer were able to avoid these anthropogenic disturbances at the upper level of habitat selection. The size of the potential cumulative area affected by infrastructure varied seasonally between 27.5% and 39.0% of the study area when calculated on the basis of home range selection, and between 7.2% and 20.3% when calculated from within-home-range selection. The strongest avoidance of infrastructure was found in late winter on both scales of range selection, but weakest avoidance was in early winter for home range selection and in summer for within-home-range selection. Cumulative impacts of different human activities on the usability value of reindeer ranges should be taken into account when planning new land-use operations in the areas important for the reindeer herding.