Females reward courtship by competing males in a cannibalistic spider
Females reward courtship by competing males in a cannibalistic spider
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雌性在食人蜘蛛中奖励竞争雄性的求爱
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
M. Andrade
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Stoltz;D. Elias;M. Andrade
尽管人们普遍认识到两性之间的互动会塑造生殖策略，但对男性竞争的研究通常不包括女性施加的影响。在食人红背蜘蛛中，由于雄性不太可能与一只以上的雌性交配，以及强烈的第一雄性精子优先地位有利于与处女交配，预计竞争对手之间的战斗将升级。在体型不匹配的对手之间的阶段性交配比赛中，体型较小的雄性采取了另一种偷偷行动的策略。然而，尽管最初的竞争互动，较大的雄性并不追逐或使较小的雄性丧失能力。当雄性之间发生竞争时，雌性经常攻击雄性，尽管当雄性在没有对手的情况下求爱时很少发生攻击。在最少的战斗之后，体型较大的雄性会进行重大的求爱(3小时)，而不是杀死地位较低的竞争对手。雌性倾向于长时间的求偶，因为试图快速交配的雄性(体型较小、偷偷摸摸的雄性)在交配完成之前就会被吃掉。这种过早的自相残杀大大降低了红背蜘蛛的亲子关系。因此，考虑到雌性对雄性生殖策略的反应，可以预测雄性竞争行为的显著特征(即较大的雄性延长求偶时间)。尽管在没有红背蛇极端反转大小二形性的系统中，女性的影响可能更微妙，但这些结果表明，在研究男性之间的互动时，女性的兴趣应该被明确地考虑在内。
Despite widespread recognition that intersexual interactions shape reproductive strategies, studies of male competition do not typically include effects imposed by females. In cannibalistic redback spiders, escalated fighting between rival suitors is predicted, as males are unlikely to mate with more than one female, and strong first-male sperm precedence favours mating with virgins. In staged competitions for matings between size mismatched rivals, smaller males adopted an alternative sneaking strategy. However, despite initial agonistic interactions, larger males did not pursue or incapacitate smaller males. When inter-male competition occurred, females struck at males frequently, although strikes were rarely seen when males courted in the absence of a rival. After minimal fighting, larger males engaged in significant courtship (3 h) rather than killing inferior rivals. Prolonged courtship was favoured by female behaviour, as males that attempted rapid copulation (smaller, sneaking males) were cannibalised before mating was completed. This premature cannibalism significantly decreases paternity in redback spiders. Thus, significant features of male competitive behaviour (i.e. prolonged courtship by larger males) may be predicted with consideration of the female’s response to male reproductive strategies. Although the effect of females may be more subtle in systems without the extreme reversed size-dimorphism of redbacks, these results suggest that female interests should be explicitly considered when studying inter-male interactions.