SAPROTROPHIC CORD-FORMING FUNGI - WARFARE STRATEGIES AND OTHER ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS
SAPROTROPHIC CORD-FORMING FUNGI - WARFARE STRATEGIES AND OTHER ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS
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DOI：
10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80141-x
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发表时间：
1993-06-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
BODDY, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BODDY, L
许多腐生真菌，特别是木材腐烂的担子菌，形成菌丝索，这是主要平行、纵向排列的菌丝的聚集体。这些线性器官通常形成广泛、长寿的系统，连接温带和热带森林地面上离散的营养资源，并可以在热带树冠上形成网。它们是非常成功的分解者群体，表现出许多类似于战争中采用的策略，包括：通过侵略/战斗行动确保领土；经济有效地发现潜在资源；建立通讯线路；经济有效地配置资源；并根据国内经济情况采取不同的策略。因此，营养物质通过觅食菌丝体前沿被隔离并转移到菌丝体系统的不同部分。遇到新资源时，菌丝体生物量和营养物质可能会根据多种因素进行重新分配，包括：接种量基础和新资源的相对大小、资源的腐烂状态、新资源是否已经定殖、一种新资源与另一种新资源相比的相对定位以及所涉及的真菌种类。条索形成腐生真菌可能在生态系统中发挥重要作用，因为它们是主要的木材分解者和 可以将大量必需营养素转移到几米之外。然而，它们可能会在相当长的一段时间内（也许是几个月或更长时间）固定营养物质，但这样做可能会起到缓冲系统营养损失的作用。由于它们对树根病原体的拮抗作用以及它们作为养分循环和易位媒介的能力，它们可以轻松地接种到森林地面，因此可以用作管理工具。
A number of saprotrophic fungi, particularly wood-decaying basidiomycetes, form mycelial cords, which are aggregations of predominantly parallel, longitudinally aligned hyphae. These linear organs often form extensive, long-lived systems which connect between discrete nutrient resources on the floor of temperate and tropical forests, and can form nets in tropical canopies.They are a very successful group of decomposers which exhibit many strategies analogous to those adopted in warfare, including: securing territory by aggressive/combative action; economic and efficient discovery of potential resources; establishing lines of communication; economic and efficient deployment of resources; and adoption of different strategies according to the home economic situation. Thus, nutrients are sequestered by foraging mycelial fronts and translocated to different parts of the mycelial system. On encountering new resources mycelial biomass and nutrients may be reallocated depending on a number of factors including: the relative size of inoculum base and new resources, state of decay of resources, whether the new resource is already colonized, the relative positioning of one new resource compared with another, and the fungal species involved.Cord-forming saprotrophic fungi probably play a major role in ecosystems, since they are major wood decomposers and can translocate large quantities of essential nutrients over several metres. They may, however, immobilize nutrients for considerable periods, perhaps months or longer, but by so doing may act as a buffer against nutrient loss from the system. The ease with which they can be inoculated into the forest floor could possibly be used as a management tool by virtue of their antagonism to tree root pathogens and their abilities as agents of nutrient cycling and translocation.