Daily synoptic conditions associated with occurrences of compound events in estuaries along North Atlantic coastlines
Daily synoptic conditions associated with occurrences of compound events in estuaries along North Atlantic coastlines
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与北大西洋海岸线河口复合事件发生相关的每日天气状况
DOI：
10.1002/joc.7556
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Nicholls, Robert J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Camus, Paula;Haigh, Ivan D.;Wahl, Thomas;Nasr, Ahmed A.;Méndez, Fernando J.;Darby, Stephen E.;Nicholls, Robert J.
沿海复合洪水事件发生时，降雨，河流流量和海平面的极端事件同时发生，并共同增加水面高程，加剧洪水。产生这些事件的气象条件通常是产生大风和强降雨的低压系统。在这项研究中，我们使用天气类型方法确定了北大西洋海岸线（包括欧洲西北部和美国东海岸）通常与沿海复合事件相关的天气大气条件类型。复合事件确定沿着河口的研究区域从1980年至2014年的基础上的影响功能定义的水面高程，导致从河流流量和海平面的组合。我们发现，复合事件更频繁的沿着欧洲，而不是美国的海岸线。在这两种情况下，它们都与一些主要的天气模式有关。欧洲复合事件热点集中在英国西海岸、伊比利亚半岛西北海岸和直布罗陀海峡附近。这些地区有着相同的天气模式，代表着穿越北大西洋的风暴的主要路径。在美国，复合事件数量最多的地区主要位于墨西哥湾、沿着墨西哥和沿着美国中东部海岸线。在这些地区，复合事件是由过渡天气模式产生的，这种模式描述了平行于海岸线向北移动的风暴。分裂的发生在相应的天气类型的复合事件歧视的年际变化的基础上，在北大西洋的主导气候指数的关系。
Coastal compound flooding events occur when extreme events of rainfall, river discharge and sea level coincide and collectively increase water surface elevation, exacerbating flooding. The meteorological conditions that generate these events are usually low‐pressure systems that generate high winds and intense rainfall. In this study, we identify the types of synoptic atmospheric conditions that are typically associated with coastal compound events using a weather‐type approach, for the North Atlantic coastlines (encompassing northwest Europe and the east coast of the United States). Compound events are identified along the estuaries of the study region from 1980 to 2014 based on an impact function defined by water surface elevation that resulted from the combination of river discharge and sea level. We find that compound events are more frequent along European as opposed to U.S. coastlines. In both cases, they are associated with a few dominant weather patterns. European hotspots of compound events are concentrated in the west coast of United Kingdom, the northwest coast of the Iberian Peninsula and around the Strait of Gibraltar. These areas share the same weather patterns which represent the main pathways of storms that cross the North Atlantic Ocean. In the case of U.S. locations, the areas with highest number of compound events are located mainly in the Gulf of Mexico and along Mexico and along the mid‐eastern U.S. coastlines. In these areas, compound events are produced by transitional weather patterns, which describe storms that travel northward parallel to the coastline. Splitting the occurrence of compound events in the corresponding weather types discriminates the interannual variability based on the relationship with dominant climate indices in the North Atlantic Ocean.