Mediterranean forest dynamics and forest bird distribution changes in the late 20th century
Mediterranean forest dynamics and forest bird distribution changes in the late 20th century
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01730.x
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发表时间：
2009-02-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Saura, Santiago
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gil-Tena, Assu;Brotons, Lluis;Saura, Santiago
全球变化产生的过程，如土地使用变化、气候变暖或扰动制度的改变，可能对森林的范围和结构产生相反的影响，对大空间尺度上的森林生物多样性产生的后果仍然未知。在本研究中，我们的目的是确定森林动态与全球变化过程（森林蔓延，成熟和火灾），推动了近年来在地中海森林生态系统中的森林鸟类分布的变化。这项研究位于加泰罗尼亚（西班牙东北部），并使用丰富的专业和通才的森林鸟类物种的变化，在过去20年的20个世纪的森林生物多样性变化的指标。森林鸟类分布的变化表现出强烈的空间格局，似乎与发生在取样单位（10公里× 10公里平方米）以外的人口过程有关。森林的成熟似乎是这种变化的最重要的驱动力，因为大多数研究的物种有一个非地中海的起源，并与更成熟的森林。在较低的程度上，森林蔓延也有助于森林鸟类分布的变化，而森林火灾的影响是没有关联的，以减少任何一组森林物种的丰富度。鉴于我们的研究规模相对较粗，在将我们的研究结果外推到未来气候变化对火灾状况和森林鸟类分布可能产生的影响时，应谨慎行事。我们的研究结果表明，大规模的森林成熟和蔓延，主要是由于土地放弃在加泰罗尼亚已经超越了潜在的负面影响，火灾对森林鸟类分布，目前正在推动整个地区的森林生物多样性模式的变化。
Processes derived from global change such as land-use changes, climate warming or modifications in the perturbation regime may have opposite effects on forest extent and structure with still unknown consequences on forest biodiversity at large spatial scales. In the present study, we aimed at determining forest dynamics associated with global change processes (forest spread, maturation and fire) that have driven the variation in forest bird distributions in Mediterranean forest ecosystems in recent years. The study was located in Catalonia (NE Spain) and used changes in richness of specialist and generalist forest bird species in the last 20 years of the 20th century as indicators of forest biodiversity change. Forest bird distribution changes showed strong spatial patterns and appeared to be related to population processes occurring beyond sampling units (10 km x 10 km squares). Forest maturation appeared as the most important driver of such changes because most of the studied species have a non-Mediterranean origin and are associated with more mature forests. To a lower degree, forest spread also contributed to forest bird distribution changes whereas the impact of forest fires was not associated to a decrease in the richness of either group of forest species. Given the relatively coarse scale at which our study was conducted, caution should be taken when extrapolating our results to the possible future impacts of climate change on fire regime and forest bird distribution. Our results indicate that large-scale forest maturation and spread due mainly to land abandonment in Catalonia has overridden the potentially negative effects of fires on forest bird distributions and are currently driving changes in forest biodiversity patterns across the region.