Integrating the Ecosystem Services Framework to Define Dysbiosis of the Breastfed Infant Gut: The Role of B. infantis and Human Milk Oligosaccharides
Integrating the Ecosystem Services Framework to Define Dysbiosis of the Breastfed Infant Gut: The Role of B. infantis and Human Milk Oligosaccharides
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fnut.2020.00033
复制
发表时间：
2020-04-14
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Frese, Steven A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duar, Rebbeca M.;Henrick, Bethany M.;Frese, Steven A.
越来越多的证据支持婴儿肠道微生物群的组成与长期健康之间的联系。事实上，在生命早期关键发育窗口期间，异常的微生物组组成与疾病风险增加有关；因此，在婴儿期对微生物组进行适当的修改为改善人类健康提供了重要的希望。越来越多的人支持将生态系统服务（从生态系统向人类提供利益）的概念整合起来，将特定的微生物组功能与人类福祉联系起来。该框架被广泛应用于宏观生态系统的保护工作，并为旨在恢复关键生态功能的恢复行动提供了系统的指导方法。这项工作的目的是应用生态系统服务框架来整合最近的研究，这些研究表明，当长双歧杆菌亚种感染母乳喂养的婴儿时，肠道微生物群会发生稳定的变化。婴儿EVC001是一种肠道共生体，能够有效地利用人乳低聚糖转化为有机酸，对婴儿和降低肠道pH值有益。此外，我们利用文献中的例子说明了B.婴儿的缺乏如何导致生态系统服务的减少，这可能与免疫和代谢紊乱相关的健康后果有关。最后，我们提出了一个模型，通过该模型，婴儿肠道生态失调可以被定义为肠道微生物组提供给宿主的生态系统服务的减少，而不仅仅是多样性或分类组成的变化。鉴于人们对靶向微生物组修饰疗法降低急性和慢性疾病风险的兴趣日益增加，本文提出的模型提供了一个框架，从以宿主为中心的角度评估此类策略的有效性。
Mounting evidence supports a connection between the composition of the infant gut microbiome and long-term health. In fact, aberrant microbiome compositions during key developmental windows in early life are associated with increased disease risk; therefore, making pertinent modifications to the microbiome during infancy offers significant promise to improve human health. There is growing support for integrating the concept of ecosystem services (the provision of benefits from ecosystems to humans) in linking specific microbiome functions to human well-being. This framework is widely applied in conservation efforts of macro-ecosystems and offers a systematic approach to guide restoration actions aimed to recover critical ecological functions. The aim of this work is to apply the ecosystem services framework to integrate recent studies demonstrating stable alteration of the gut microbiome of breastfed infants when Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis EVC001, a gut symbiont capable of efficiently utilizing human milk oligosaccharides into organic acids that are beneficial for the infant and lower intestinal pH, is reintroduced. Additionally, using examples from the literature we illustrate how the absence of B. infantis results in diminished ecosystem services, which may be associated with health consequences related to immune and metabolic disorders. Finally, we propose a model by which infant gut dysbiosis can be defined as a reduction in ecosystem services supplied to the host by the gut microbiome rather than merely changes in diversity or taxonomic composition. Given the increased interest in targeted microbiome modification therapies to decrease acute and chronic disease risk, the model presented here provides a framework to assess the effectiveness of such strategies from a host-centered perspective.