Genetic Characterization of Spondweni and Zika Viruses and Susceptibility of Geographically Distinct Strains of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) to Spondweni Virus
Genetic Characterization of Spondweni and Zika Viruses and Susceptibility of Geographically Distinct Strains of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) to Spondweni Virus
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0005083
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Weaver, Scott C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haddow, Andrew D.;Nasar, Farooq;Weaver, Scott C.
背景寨卡病毒（ZIKV）已将其已知的地理分布扩展到新世界，现在是导致一部分患者严重临床并发症的原因。虽然ZIKV存在大量的遗传和载体易感性数据，但对最接近的黄病毒Spondweni病毒（SPONV）知之甚少。ZIKV和SPONV自20世纪中期以来就已在非洲传播，但两者都没有通过基因进行遗传特征分析并进行平行比较。此外，在传播ZIKV到SPONV.Methodology/Principal FindingsIn这项研究中，两个地理上不同的菌株SPONV的遗传特征和比较，9个基因和地理上不同的ZIKV菌株的peridomestic蚊子物种的易感性是未知的。此外，在三种蚊子中测定了两种SPONV株的易感性。当与SPONV 1954原型南非SA Ar 94毒株相比时，SPONV 1952尼日利亚Chuku毒株的开放阅读框（ORF）分别显示出97.8%和99.2%的核苷酸和氨基酸同一性。当与9种地理上和遗传上不同的ZIKV株相比时，SPONV Chuku株的ORF表现出范围分别为68.3%至69.0%和74.6%至75.0%的核苷酸和氨基酸同一性。9个非洲和亚洲谱系ZIKV毒株的ORF表现出有限的核苷酸差异。埃及伊蚊Aedes aegypti，Ae.白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊的敏感性和传播是低或不存在的人工感染性的血液喂养的两个SPONVstrain.Conclusions/SignificanceSPONV和ZIKV的核苷酸和氨基酸的分歧加上地理分布，生态和载体物种的差异支持以前的报告，这些病毒是不同的物种。此外，在Ae. albopictus，Ae.埃及和Cx.致倦犬在接触两种地理上和遗传上不同的病毒株后的死亡率表明，这些物种作为病媒的可能性很低。
BackgroundZika virus (ZIKV) has extended its known geographic distribution to the New World and is now responsible for severe clinical complications in a subset of patients. While substantial genetic and vector susceptibility data exist for ZIKV, less is known for the closest related flavivirus, Spondweni virus (SPONV). Both ZIKV and SPONV have been known to circulate in Africa since the mid-1900s, but neither has been genetically characterized by gene and compared in parallel. Furthermore, the susceptibility of peridomestic mosquito species incriminated or suspected in the transmission of ZIKV to SPONV was unknown.Methodology/Principal FindingsIn this study, two geographically distinct strains of SPONV were genetically characterized and compared to nine genetically and geographically distinct ZIKV strains. Additionally, the susceptibility of both SPONV strains was determined in three mosquito species. The open reading frame (ORF) of the SPONV 1952 Nigerian Chuku strain, exhibited a nucleotide and amino acid identity of 97.8% and 99.2%, respectively, when compared to the SPONV 1954 prototype South African SA Ar 94 strain. The ORF of the SPONV Chuku strain exhibited a nucleotide and amino acid identity that ranged from 68.3% to 69.0% and 74.6% to 75.0%, respectively, when compared to nine geographically and genetically distinct strains of ZIKV. The ORF of the nine African and Asian lineage ZIKV strains exhibited limited nucleotide divergence. Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus susceptibility and dissemination was low or non-existent following artificial infectious blood feeding of moderate doses of both SPONV strains.Conclusions/SignificanceSPONV and ZIKV nucleotide and amino acid divergence coupled with differences in geographic distribution, ecology and vector species support previous reports that these viruses are separate species. Furthermore, the low degree of SPONV infection or dissemination in Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus following exposure to two geographically and genetically distinct virus strains suggest a low potential for these species to serve as vectors.