A novel evolutionarily conserved domain of cell-adhesion GPCRs mediates autoproteolysis.

A novel evolutionarily conserved domain of cell-adhesion GPCRs mediates autoproteolysis.
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DOI:
10.1038/emboj.2012.26
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发表时间:
2012-03-21
期刊:
影响因子:
11.4
通讯作者:
Brunger, Axel T.
Brunger, Axel T.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Arac, Demet;Boucard, Antony A.;Bolliger, Marc F.;Nguyen, Jenna;Soltis, S. Michael;Suedhof, Thomas C.;Brunger, Axel T.

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细胞黏附蛋白偶联受体(GPCRs)和多囊肾病(PKD)蛋白的G蛋白偶联受体(GPCRs)蛋白分解位点(GPS)构成高度保守的自身蛋白分解序列,但其催化机制尚不清楚。在这里,我们证明了出人意料的是,∼40-残基代表了一个更大的GPCR320-残基结构域的组成部分,我们称之为∼-自动蛋白分解诱导(增益)结构域。来自两个远缘细胞粘附型β的增益域的晶体结构揭示了一个保守的新折叠,其中gps基序形成五条紧密整合到总增益域的GPCR链。Gain结构域从四膜虫到哺乳动物在进化上都是保守的,是所有人类细胞黏附GPCRs和PKD蛋白共享的唯一胞外结构域,也是人类多种疾病突变的场所。从功能上讲,增益域是自蛋白降解的必要条件和充分条件,这表明了一种自蛋白分解机制,即总的增益域微调GPS中的化学环境以催化肽键水解。因此,Gain结构域包含一个独特的、进化上古老的、广泛存在的自身蛋白分解折叠,其功能可能与GPCR信号转导和多种人类疾病相关。
The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Proteolysis Site (GPS) of cell-adhesion GPCRs and polycystic kidney disease (PKD) proteins constitutes a highly conserved autoproteolysis sequence, but its catalytic mechanism remains unknown. Here, we show that unexpectedly the ∼40-residue GPS motif represents an integral part of a much larger ∼320-residue domain that we termed GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain. Crystal structures of GAIN domains from two distantly related cell-adhesion GPCRs revealed a conserved novel fold in which the GPS motif forms five β-strands that are tightly integrated into the overall GAIN domain. The GAIN domain is evolutionarily conserved from tetrahymena to mammals, is the only extracellular domain shared by all human cell-adhesion GPCRs and PKD proteins, and is the locus of multiple human disease mutations. Functionally, the GAIN domain is both necessary and sufficient for autoproteolysis, suggesting an autoproteolytic mechanism whereby the overall GAIN domain fine-tunes the chemical environment in the GPS to catalyse peptide bond hydrolysis. Thus, the GAIN domain embodies a unique, evolutionarily ancient and widespread autoproteolytic fold whose function is likely relevant for GPCR signalling and for multiple human diseases.
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