Structure of the pheromone communication channel in moths
Structure of the pheromone communication channel in moths
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511542664.009
复制
发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Haynes, KF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cardé, RT;Haynes, KF
蛾类是昆虫中最具形态的类群之一，约有14万种，尽管它们的生活方式非常单一，几乎完全是植食性幼虫。在可能促进这种物种成功的因素中，有一个因素是它们能够在相对较低的密度下持续存在，这得益于一种信息素通信系统，该系统允许雄性在数十米甚至数千米的距离内定位同种雌性。信息素通讯系统也是种间交配前（合子前）生殖隔离的主要基础。在物种水平上独特的化学通讯渠道允许许多物种在同一栖息地或地区共存。虽然还没有确凿的证据表明物种形成过程本身是由同域性中信息素通道的分裂所促进的，但有一些跳跃机制可以解释发射者产生的化合物的快速转移和响应者的平行跟踪转移。也有少数情况下，这表明，无论是加强或通信干扰造成分歧的化学通道。然而，这些通信系统的变化如何演变在很大程度上仍然是推测性的。我们也没有解释为什么在某些物种中，女性的信息素混合物的生产是可变的，而在其他高度渠化。由信息素介导的远距离配偶定位是Burghardt（1970）定义的真正的”通信”，因为雌性的信号产生和雄性的反应都有选择性的限制-换句话说，选择有利于一些个体而不是其他个体寻找配偶。威廉姆斯（1992）在一次挑衅性的争论中争辩说，雄性用于寻找配偶的雌性气味不是信息素，因为蛾类没有特殊的”机制”。
Moths are among the most speciose of insect groups, comprising perhaps 140 000 species, despite their remarkably undiversified and almost exclusively phytophagous larval lifestyle. Among the factors that are likely to have promoted such speciose success is their ability to persist at relatively low densities, facilitated by a pheromone communication system that allows males to locate conspecific females over distances of tens and in some species perhaps thousands of meters. The pheromone communication system also serves a primary basis of premating (prezygotic) reproductive isolation among species. Chemical communication channels that are distinctive at the species level permit the co-existence of many species in the same habitat or region. Although there is no firm evidence yet that the process of speciation itself has been fostered by splitting of the pheromone channel in sympatry, there are saltational mechanisms that could account for a rapid shift in the compounds produced by the emitter and a parallel tracking shift in the responder. There also are a few cases which suggest that either reinforcement or communication interference has caused divergence of chemical channels. Nonetheless, how changes in these communication systems evolve remains largely speculative. We also have no explanation for why in some species the female's production of a pheromone blend is variable and in others highly canalized. Long-distance mate location that is mediated by pheromones is true" communication" as defined by Burghardt (1970), in that there are selective constraints on both the females' production of the signal and the males' response-in other words, selection favors some individuals over others in finding a mate. In a provocative argument, Williams (1992) contended that the female odor used by males for mate location is not a pheromone, because in moths there is no special" machinery”