Life in silico: Are we close yet?

Life in silico: Are we close yet?
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电脑生活:我们已经接近了吗?

DOI:
10.1073/pnas.2100278118
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Makarov, Dmitrii E.
Makarov, Dmitrii E.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Makarov, Dmitrii E.

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1944年,他在《生命是什么?》一书中写道。(1)薛定谔问:“在生物体的空间边界内发生的时空事件如何能用物理学和化学来解释?”在接下来的近80年里,我们已经了解了很多关于亚细胞现象的物理机制,但活细胞的第一原理计算机模拟仍然是一个难以捉摸的目标。在最近的一篇文章(2)中,Netz和Eaton预测,在这种模拟成为现实之前,我们还需要等待多久。他们进一步将他们的估计扩展到更大的生物系统,并讨论是否以及何时有可能模拟多细胞实体,如人类大脑。在生物学上有意义的时间间隔内模拟一个细胞大小的分子组装,比如一个小时(与细胞分裂时间相当),似乎是一项艰巨的任务。事实上,现代分子模拟领域的胜利之一是观察到小蛋白质的可逆折叠(3),这发生在微秒的时间尺度上。相比之下,单个细胞每小时可以合成数千或数百万种蛋白质,其中许多蛋白质可能需要几秒钟或几分钟才能折叠,并且只有在细胞机器的额外帮助下才能折叠。
In his 1944 book What is Life?(1), Erwin Schrödinger asked,“How can the events in space and time which take place within the spatial boundary of a living organism be accounted by physics and chemistry?” In nearly 80 y that have followed, we have learned a great deal about the physical mechanisms of subcellular phenomena, yet a first-principles computer simulation of a living cell in action remains an elusive goal. In a recent article (2), Netz and Eaton predict how long we will have to wait before such a simulation becomes a reality. They further extend their estimate to larger biological systems and discuss whether and when it will be possible to simulate multicellular entities such as the human brain.Simulating a molecular assembly as large as a cell over a biologically meaningful time interval of, say, an hour (comparable to the cell division time) seems like a daunting task. Indeed, one of the triumphs of the modern field of molecular simulations is the observation of reversible folding of small proteins (3), which occurs at a microsecond timescale. A single cell, in contrast, can synthesize thousands or millions of proteins per hour, many of which may take seconds or minutes to fold, and only with additional help from the cellular machinery.
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