Classifying the comprehensiveness of flavoured tobacco sales restrictions: development and application of a tool to examine US state and local tobacco policies
Classifying the comprehensiveness of flavoured tobacco sales restrictions: development and application of a tool to examine US state and local tobacco policies
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DOI：
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-057042
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发表时间：
2021-12-16
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Schillo, Barbara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Donovan, Emily;Folger, Shanell;Schillo, Barbara
目标 具有最低限度豁免的综合烟草控制政策可以减少烟草的使用和销售。许多州和地方都采取了调味烟草产品 (FTP) 销售限制。本研究描述了一个模式的开发和应用，以描述这些 FTP 销售限制的全面性。设计 我们对 2007 年 6 月至 2021 年 3 月颁布的针对零售商、烟草产品以及香料包含和豁免的州和地方 FTP 销售限制进行了编码。在 FTP 文献、法律资源以及与 FTP 政策专家的会议的指导下，我们制定了一个六级分类方案，从最简单到最全面地描述编码的 FTP 政策。我们提供 FTP 策略特征和全面性的描述性统计数据。结果 截至 2021 年 3 月 31 日，美国颁布了 7 个州级和 327 个地方级 FTP 销售限制。大多数国家级政策（71.4%）属于综合性第二低的类别；地方政策最常属于综合性最低（48.9%）或最高（26.0%）的类别。在各个司法管辖区中，仅限成人的零售商最常免受 FTP 销售限制（州：n=1，14.3%；本地：n=184，56.3%）；大多数司法管辖区将电子烟（e-香烟）列为禁止产品（州：n=6，87.5%；地方：n=227，100%）。虽然略多于一半的州（n=4，57.1%）和地方（n=169，51.7%）销售限制包括薄荷醇电子烟，但大多数不包括薄荷醇卷烟和/或薄荷醇无烟烟草。结论 美国 FTP 销售限制的全面性差异很大。当前和未来的 FTP 政策将通过包括所有口味和所有烟草产品（尤其是薄荷卷烟）以及避免对某些零售商（尤其是仅限成人的零售商）的豁免而得到加强。
Objectives Comprehensive tobacco control policies with minimal exemptions can reduce tobacco use and sales. Many states and localities have adopted flavoured tobacco product (FTP) sales restrictions. This study describes the development and application of a schema to characterise the comprehensiveness of these FTP sales restrictions. Design We coded state and local FTP sales restrictions enacted June 2007-March 2021 for retailer, tobacco product, and flavour inclusions and exemptions. Guided by FTP literature, legal resources and meetings with FTP policy experts, we developed a six-level classification scheme to characterise coded FTP policies from least to most comprehensive. We present descriptive statistics of FTP policy features and comprehensiveness. Results As of 31 March 2021, 7 state-level and 327 local-level FTP sales restrictions were enacted in the USA. Most state-level policies (71.4%) were categorised in the second lowest comprehensiveness category; local policies most commonly fell within the lowest (48.9%) or highest (26.0%) comprehensiveness categories. Across jurisdictions, adult-only retailers were most frequently exempted from the FTP sales restrictions (state: n=1, 14.3%; local: n=184, 56.3%); and most jurisdictions included electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as a banned product (state: n=6, 87.5%; local: n=227, 100%). While just over half of state (n=4, 57.1%) and local (n=169, 51.7%) sales restrictions included menthol e-cigarettes, most excluded menthol cigarettes and/or menthol smokeless tobacco. Conclusions Comprehensiveness of FTP sales restrictions in the USA varies widely. Current and future FTP policies would be strengthened by including all flavours and all tobacco products-particularly menthol cigarettes-and by avoiding exemptions for certain retailers, particularly adult-only retailers.