The Power of Words: On Item-Specific Stimulus-Response Associations Formed in the Absence of Action
The Power of Words: On Item-Specific Stimulus-Response Associations Formed in the Absence of Action
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DOI：
10.1037/xhp0000317
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发表时间：
2017-02-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Kiesel, Andrea
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pfeuffer, Christina U.;Moutsopoulou, Karolina;Kiesel, Andrea
作为行为自动性基础的刺激-反应（S-R）联想研究由来已久。传统上，人们认为S-R联想是刺激和反应（重复）共同出现的结果，也就是说，当参与者对刺激采取行动时。在这里，我们证明，S-R协会也可以建立在没有行动。在一个项目特定的启动范例，参与者要么分类日常物品，通过执行左或右按键（任务集执行），或者他们口头上提出的信息，关于一个对象的类和相关的行动，而他们被动地看到的对象（口头编码）。由任务集执行和言语编码产生的S-R关联导致了S-R关联的刺激-动作成分和刺激-分类成分的后期提取。此外，我们的数据表明，由执行和口头编码创建的关联在时间上是稳定的，并且对重复性有相当的弹性。在没有行动的情况下形成的S-R联想的自动性揭示了人类行动控制的惊人适应性。
Research on stimulus-response (S-R) associations as the basis of behavioral automaticity has a long history. Traditionally, it was assumed that S-R associations are formed as a consequence of the (repeated) co-occurrence of stimulus and response, that is, when participants act upon stimuli. Here, we demonstrate that S-R associations can also be established in the absence of action. In an item-specific priming paradigm, participants either classified everyday objects by performing a left or right key press (task-set execution) or they were verbally presented with information regarding an object's class and associated action while they passively viewed the object (verbal coding). Both S-R associations created by task-set execution and by verbal coding led to the later retrieval of both the stimulus-action component and the stimulus-classification component of S-R associations. Furthermore, our data indicate that both associations created by execution and by verbal coding are temporally stable and rather resilient against overwriting. The automaticity of S-R associations formed in the absence of action reveals the striking adaptability of human action control.