Feathers, suspicions, and infidelities: an experimental study on parental care and certainty of paternity in the blue tit
Feathers, suspicions, and infidelities: an experimental study on parental care and certainty of paternity in the blue tit
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/bij.12079
复制
发表时间：
2013-07-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Jose Sanz, Juan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garcia-Navas, Vicente;Ortego, Joaquin;Jose Sanz, Juan
有关父母照顾的理论模型预测，当亲子关系不确定时，男性应该减少父母的努力。雄性可能会使用一些线索来评估它们的父子关系的确定性，并试图避免抚养额外配对的雄性繁殖的后代。我们之前曾在一种社会性一夫一妻制的雀形目动物--蓝山雀(Cyanistes Caeruleus)中报道过，雄性用羽毛装饰自己的巢，当这种装饰被操纵时，雄性似乎怀疑是否有入侵的雄性。在这里，我们通过实验补充羽毛来降低男性亲子关系的确定性，以分析我们的实验结果是否支持父母照顾理论的假设。与对照组相比，雄性蓝鳍金龟对羽毛补充实验的反应是减少了父母的投资(取食频率和巢的防御)。实验巢中额外配对后代的出现是对照组的两倍。这表明，这种操纵不仅成功地改变了男性感知的父子关系，而且间接地改变了实际的父子关系。此外，获得额外配对后代的雄鱼在巢中失去父权的可能性也高于平均水平，这可能意味着雄性蓝鳍金龟在获得额外配对受精和在自己的巢中保持父权之间面临着权衡。总体而言，这项研究支持这样一种观点，即当男性意识到失去亲子关系的风险很高时，他们往往会减少父母的努力。(C)2013年伦敦林尼安学会，《林尼安社会生物学杂志》，2013,109,552-561。
Theoretical models on parental care predict that males should decrease their parental effort when paternity is in doubt. Males may use some cues to assess their certainty of paternity, and try to avoid rearing offspring sired by extra-pair males. We have previously reported in a socially monogamous passerine, the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), that males decorate their nests with feathers, and that when this ornament is manipulated, males appear to have suspicions about the presence of an intruder male. Here, we decrease the male's certainty of paternity through experimental feather supplementation to analyse whether the outcome of our experiment supports the assumptions of the parental care theory. Male C.caeruleus responded to the feather supplementation experiment by reducing their parental investment (feeding frequency and nest defence) in comparison with control males. The occurrence of extra-pair offspring in experimental nests was double than that in controls. This suggests that the manipulation was successful not only in altering males' perceived paternity, but also, indirectly, the actual paternity. Furthermore, males that gained extra-pair young also had a higher than average probability to lose paternity in their nest, which may imply that male C.caeruleus faced a trade-off between obtaining extra-pair fertilizations and maintaining paternity in their own nest. Overall, this study supports the idea that males are prone to decrease their parental effort when they perceive that the risk of losing paternity is high.(c) 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 109, 552-561.