Maneuverability by the sea lion Zalophus californianus:: turning performance of an unstable body design
Maneuverability by the sea lion Zalophus californianus:: turning performance of an unstable body design
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.00144
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发表时间：
2003-02-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Costa, DP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fish, FE;Hurley, J;Costa, DP
机动性对快速游泳的海洋哺乳动物的表现至关重要，这些海洋哺乳动物使用快速转弯来捕捉猎物。分析了两头海狮在水平面上翻转的架空录像。没有动力的转身是通过身体屈曲结合使用胸鳍和骨盆鳍来执行的，这些鳍状肢被用作控制面。在转弯中使用了90度的倾斜角度来垂直定向控制面。转弯半径取决于身体质量和游泳速度。相对最小半径为体长的9-17%，与鳍足类和鲸类相当。然而，在更快的速度下，Zalophus的转弯半径比鲸目动物小。转弯速度与转弯半径呈负相关。在Zalophus观察到的最高转折率为690度，S(-1)。扎洛夫斯的向心加速度高达5.1克。与其他海洋哺乳动物的比较表明，Zalophus的形态增强了不稳定性，从而提供了增强的转向性能。对于在结构复杂的环境中寻找高度难以捉摸的猎物的海狮来说，提高转弯能力是必要的。
Maneuverability is critical to the performance of fast-swimming marine mammals that use rapid turns to catch prey. Overhead video recordings were analyzed for two sea lions (Zalophus californianus) turning in the horizontal plane. Unpowered turns were executed by body flexion in conjunction with use of the pectoral and pelvic flippers, which were used as control surfaces. A 90degrees bank angle was used in the turns to vertically orient the control surfaces. Turning radius was dependent on body mass and swimming velocity. Relative minimum radii were 9-17% of body length and were equivalent for pinnipeds and cetaceans. However, Zalophus had smaller turning radii at higher speeds than cetaceans. Rate of turn was inversely related to turn radius. The highest turn rate observed in Zalophus was 690 degrees s(-1). Centripetal acceleration measured up to 5.1 g for Zalophus. Comparison with other marine mammals indicates that Zalophus has a morphology that enhances instability, thus providing enhanced turning performance. Enhanced turning performance is necessary for sea lions to forage after highly elusive prey in structurally complex environments.