Predator hunting mode and habitat domain alter nonconsumptive effects in predator-prey interactions
Predator hunting mode and habitat domain alter nonconsumptive effects in predator-prey interactions
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DOI：
10.1890/07-0260.1
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发表时间：
2007-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Schmitz, Oswald J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Preisser, Evan L.;Orrock, John L.;Schmitz, Oswald J.
捕食者可以通过改变特征来影响猎物种群，从而降低捕食风险。这些性状的变化（非消耗性效应，NCE）可能是能量上昂贵的，并导致减少猎物的活动，生长，繁殖力和生存。非消耗性效应的强度可能因捕食者的两个功能特征而异：狩猎模式（积极狩猎，静坐-追求，静坐-等待）和栖息地域（通过在空间中重新定位来追求猎物的能力;可以是窄的或宽的）。具体来说，从相当固定的坐着等待和坐着追求捕食者的线索应该更能表明即将发生的捕食风险，从而引起更强的NCE，相比广泛的积极狩猎捕食者的线索。通过对193篇已发表论文的荟萃分析，我们发现，来自坐立追击捕食者的线索比来自积极狩猎捕食者的线索诱发了更强的NCE。捕食者栖息地域的NCE强度的指示，也许是因为栖息地域提供了不太可靠的信息，即将到来的风险比捕食者狩猎模式的猎物。考虑到NCE在确定猎物群落动态方面的重要性，我们的研究结果表明，捕食者的特征可用于预测捕食者群落的变化如何转化为猎物的变化。这种知识可能被证明是特别有用的速度，当地的捕食者的变化，由于栖息地的破碎化和引进新的捕食者。
Predators can affect prey populations through changes in traits that reduce predation risk. These trait changes (nonconsumptive effects, NCEs) can be energetically costly and cause reduced prey activity, growth, fecundity, and survival. The strength of nonconsumptive effects may vary with two functional characteristics of predators: hunting mode (actively hunting, sit-and-pursue, sit-and-wait) and habitat domain (the ability to pursue prey via relocation in space; can be narrow or broad). Specifically, cues from fairly stationary sit-and-wait and sit-and-pursue predators should be more indicative of imminent predation risk, and thereby evoke stronger NCEs, compared to cues from widely ranging actively hunting predators. Using a meta-analysis of 193 published papers, we found that cues from sit-and-pursue predators evoked stronger NCEs than cues from actively hunting predators. Predator habitat domain was less indicative of NCE strength, perhaps because habitat domain provides less reliable information regarding imminent risk to prey than does predator hunting mode. Given the importance of NCEs in determining the dynamics of prey communities, our findings suggest that predator characteristics may be used to predict how changing predator communities translate into changes in prey. Such knowledge may prove particularly useful given rates of local predator change due to habitat fragmentation and the introduction of novel predators.