Experimental Multiblast Craters and Ejecta—Seismo‐Acoustics, Jet Characteristics, Craters, and Ejecta Deposits and Implications for Volcanic Explosions
Experimental Multiblast Craters and Ejecta—Seismo‐Acoustics, Jet Characteristics, Craters, and Ejecta Deposits and Implications for Volcanic Explosions
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实验性多爆炸陨石坑和喷射物——地震——声学、射流特性、陨石坑和喷射物沉积物以及对火山爆炸的影响
DOI：
10.1029/2022jb023952
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Valentine, Greg A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sonder, Ingo;Graettinger, Alison;Neilsen, Tracianne B.;Matoza, Robin S.;Taddeucci, Jacopo;Oppenheimer, Julie;Lev, Einat;Tsunematsu, Kae;Waite, Greg;Valentine, Greg A.
进行了爆破实验，调查多次爆炸发生在快速连续松散的地面和他们的影响，主机材料和大气。这种过程是已知的发生在不同深度，横向位置和能量的蒸汽岩浆喷发。实验采用多仪器方法，以观察大气和地面中的现象，并测量各自的能量分配。实验表明，大气（声学）和地面（地震）信号在大范围（缩放）距离（30-330 m，1-10 m J-1/3）上的显着耦合。喷射物质的分布很大程度上取决于爆炸发生的顺序。弹坑的总体大小在预期范围内，在某一横向位置，多次爆炸的弹坑最大，一次爆炸的弹坑最小。正如之前的研究所示，峰值大气超压随着深度的增加呈指数衰减。测得的衰减率为指数衰减。爆炸深度为4 × 10− 3 m J−1/3ca。1%的爆炸能量是造成大气压脉冲的原因;在2.75 × 10− 3 m J−1/3的较浅尺度深度上，这个比例约为10%。5.5%-7.5%。地震能量的一阶考虑估计辐射的空气和地震能量的总和高达爆炸能量的20%。最后，在爆炸过程中的瞬态空腔形成导致有效地减少爆炸深度，确定。深度减少高达65%的测量。
Blasting experiments were performed that investigate multiple explosions that occur in quick succession in unconsolidated ground and their effects on host material and atmosphere. Such processes are known to occur during phreatomagmatic eruptions at various depths, lateral locations, and energies. The experiments follow a multi‐instrument approach in order to observe phenomena in the atmosphere and in the ground, and measure the respective energy partitioning. The experiments show significant coupling of atmospheric (acoustic)‐ and ground (seismic) signal over a large range of (scaled) distances (30–330 m, 1–10 m J−1/3). The distribution of ejected material strongly depends on the sequence of how the explosions occur. The overall crater sizes are in the expected range of a maximum size for many explosions and a minimum for one explosion at a given lateral location. As previous research showed before, peak atmospheric over‐pressure decays exponentially with scaled depth. An exponential decay rate of was measured. At a scaled explosion depth of 4 × 10−3m J−1/3ca. 1% of the blast energy is responsible for the formation of the atmospheric pressure pulse; at a more shallow scaled depth of 2.75 × 10−3m J−1/3this ratio lies at ca. 5.5%–7.5%. A first order consideration of seismic energy estimates the sum of radiated airborne and seismic energy to be up to 20% of blast energy. Finally, the transient cavity formation during a blast leads to an effectively reduced explosion depth that was determined. Depth reductions of up to 65% were measured.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
1997
期刊：
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