What constrains renewable energy investment in Sub-Saharan Africa? A comparison of Kenya and Ghana
What constrains renewable energy investment in Sub-Saharan Africa? A comparison of Kenya and Ghana
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.04.008
复制
发表时间：
2018-09-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Pueyo, Ana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pueyo, Ana
在严重的预算限制下，撒哈拉以南非洲的政策制定者面临着提高电力供应水平的几种选择。首先，他们需要优先考虑能够以低成本供电的技术。其次，它们需要设计和实施适当的政策来吸引私人投资。在第一个选择上，可再生能源与化石燃料的竞争日益激烈。此外，它有助于能源安全和环境可持续性，同时提供新的（可持续）融资来源。关于第二个选择，发展中国家在吸引对其能源部门的投资方面通常面临诸多限制。一次性解决所有这些问题可能会让人望而生畏，而且代价高昂。本文提出了一种新的方法来支持政策制定者更好地制定促进商业规模可再生能源投资的政策。我们称之为“绿色投资诊断”的方法借鉴了在发展经济学领域广泛使用的增长诊断框架，以确定经济增长的约束性约束。通过对指标的审查和专家访谈的验证，通过决策树分析来构建累积证据，以优先考虑某些限制因素。我们将这一方法应用于肯尼亚和加纳，发现加纳可再生能源投资的主要制约因素是不可靠的承购者、宏观经济失衡、监管不确定性、保持低价的压力，以及国内融资不足和成本高昂。相反，肯尼亚为可再生能源投资提供了丰厚的回报，但面临着低需求、缺乏网络基础设施以及治理和社会接受方面的问题，而不确定的土地产权和寻租行为加剧了这些问题。(C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Policymakers in Sub-Saharan Africa face several choices to increase levels of access to electricity under severe budget constraints. First, they need to prioritise technologies that can supply electricity at a low cost. Second, they need to design and implement appropriate policies to attract private investment. On the first choice, renewable energy is becoming increasingly competitive with fossil fuels. Moreover, it contributes to energy security and environmental sustainability, while providing access to new sources of (sustainable) finance. On the second choice, developing countries typically face a multitude of constraints to attract investment to their energy sector. It can be daunting and expensive to address them all at once. This paper presents a new methodology to support policymakers to better target policies for the promotion of commercial-scale renewable energy investment. The methodology, which we call "Green Investment Diagnostics" draws upon the Growth Diagnostics framework, extensively used in the field of Development Economics to identify the binding constraints to economic growth. It is operationalised with a decision tree analysis that builds cumulative evidence to prioritise some constraints over others, through the review of indicators and validation through expert interviews. We apply this approach to Kenya and Ghana, finding that Ghana's key constraints to investment in renewable energy are an unreliable off-taker, macroeconomic imbalances, regulatory uncertainty, pressures to keep prices low, as well as insufficient and costly domestic finance. Kenya instead offers generous returns to investment in renewables but faces a low demand, a lack of networking infrastructure and problems of governance and social acceptance, exacerbated by uncertain land property rights and rent-seeking. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.