Maternal Anxiety and Physiological Reactivity as Mechanisms to Explain Overprotective Primiparous Parenting Behaviors
Maternal Anxiety and Physiological Reactivity as Mechanisms to Explain Overprotective Primiparous Parenting Behaviors
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DOI：
10.1037/fam0000237
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Kiel, Elizabeth J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kalomiris, Anne E.;Kiel, Elizabeth J.
在这项研究中，我们试图确定是否的情感和生理经验的经产，或第一次，母亲是不同于多产母亲，如何抑制气质的孩子的水平影响它，如果这样的气质导致过度保护的养育行为。共有117名母亲和他们24个月大的幼儿参加了新奇的任务，旨在引起父母的行为和幼儿的典型恐惧反应。母亲们还完成了一系列问卷调查。研究结果表明，未育母亲经历更多的担心，这与过度保护的养育行为增加。初产母亲也表现出更大的生理（即，皮质醇）的反应，而看着他们的第一个孩子与新的刺激互动，但这与过度保护的父母是如何依赖于孩子的抑制水平。具体来说，未生育的母亲表现出更多的皮质醇反应与他们的不受约束的幼儿，这间接联系的奇偶性，以减少过度保护的养育行为。高度抑制的幼儿的初产母亲表现出更大的过度保护的养育行为，独立于母亲的皮质醇反应。结果表明，过渡到母亲是一个独特的经验与更大的担忧和生理反应，是有意义的影响幼儿的气质。通过考虑这些不同方面的动态相互作用，观察到的和自我报告的过度保护的父母的区别是显而易见的。
In this study, we sought to determine whether the affective and physiological experience of primiparous, or first-time, motherhood is distinct from multiparous motherhood, how the child's level of inhibited temperament impacts it, and if such a temperament results in overprotective parenting behaviors. A total of 117 mothers and their 24-month-old toddlers participated in novelty tasks designed to elicit parenting behaviors and toddler's typical fear reactions. Mothers also completed a battery of questionnaires. Results suggest that primiparous mothers experienced more worry, which was associated with increased overprotective parenting behaviors. Primiparous mothers also demonstrated greater physiological ( i.e., cortisol) reactivity while watching their first-born children interact with novel stimuli, but how this related to overprotective parenting was dependent on the child's level of inhibition. Specifically, primiparous mothers displayed more cortisol reactivity with their uninhibited toddlers, which indirectly linked parity to less overprotective parenting behaviors. Primiparous mothers of highly inhibited toddlers displayed greater overprotective parenting behaviors, independent of maternal cortisol reactivity. The results indicate that the transition to motherhood is a unique experience associated with greater worry and physiological reactivity and is meaningfully influenced by the toddler's temperament. Distinctions in both observed and self-reported overprotective parenting are evident through considering the dynamic interaction of these various aspects.