Experimental impact cratering: A summary of the major results of the MEMIN research unit
Experimental impact cratering: A summary of the major results of the MEMIN research unit
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/maps.13048
复制
发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Wuennemann, Kai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kenkmann, Thomas;Deutsch, Alex;Wuennemann, Kai
本文回顾了多学科实验和建模撞击坑研究网络（MEMIN）的主要发现。MEMIN是一个由德国研究基金会于2009年至2017年资助的财团，旨在通过实验和建模方法研究撞击坑形成过程。该网络的愿景是通过在实验室规模开展严格控制的实验活动，并采用多学科分析方法，全面量化影响过程。MEMIN的核心是使用强大的两级轻气体加速器，能够在固体岩石中产生分米大小的撞击坑，从而可以对目标岩石和喷出物的岩石物理，结构和地球化学变化进行详细的空间分析。此外，爆炸装置、膜驱动金刚石砧座以及激光辐照和分离式霍普金森压杆技术已被用于研究矿物和岩石对冲击和动态载荷以及高温条件的响应。我们使用Seeberger砂岩，Taunus石英岩，卡拉拉大理石，和韦伯恩凝灰岩作为主要的目标岩石类型。与实验一致，我们进行了细观数值模拟的冲击波在非均质岩石中的传播，解决了颗粒和孔隙对压缩，剪切和拉伸载荷的复杂响应，以及火山口形成和破裂的宏观建模。主要结果包括：（1）弹丸-靶相互作用，（2）冲击变质作用的各个方面，特别关注低冲击压力和靶孔隙度和含水饱和度的影响，（3）各种无孔和多孔岩性中的弹坑形态和弹坑效率，（4）原位靶损伤，（5）喷出物动力学，和（6）实验弹坑的地球物理调查。
This paper reviews major findings of the Multidisciplinary Experimental and Modeling Impact Crater Research Network (MEMIN). MEMIN is a consortium, funded from 2009 till 2017 by the German Research Foundation, and is aimed at investigating impact cratering processes by experimental and modeling approaches. The vision of this network has been to comprehensively quantify impact processes by conducting a strictly controlled experimental campaign at the laboratory scale, together with a multidisciplinary analytical approach. Central to MEMIN has been the use of powerful two-stage light-gas accelerators capable of producing impact craters in the decimeter size range in solid rocks that allowed detailed spatial analyses of petrophysical, structural, and geochemical changes in target rocks and ejecta. In addition, explosive setups, membrane-driven diamond anvil cells, as well as laser irradiation and split Hopkinson pressure bar technologies have been used to study the response of minerals and rocks to shock and dynamic loading as well as high-temperature conditions. We used Seeberger sandstone, Taunus quartzite, Carrara marble, and Weibcrn tuff as major target rock types. In concert with the experiments we conducted mesoscale numerical simulations of shock wave propagation in heterogeneous rocks resolving the complex response of grains and pores to compressive, shear, and tensile loading and macroscale modeling of crater formation and fracturing. Major results comprise (1) projectile-target interaction, (2) various aspects of shock metamorphism with special focus on low shock pressures and effects of target porosity and water saturation, (3) crater morphologies and cratering efficiencies in various nonporous and porous lithologies, (4) in situ target damage, (5) ejecta dynamics, and (6) geophysical survey of experimental craters.