A large West Antarctic Ice Sheet explains early Neogene sea-level amplitude

A large West Antarctic Ice Sheet explains early Neogene sea-level amplitude
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南极西部大冰盖解释了新近纪早期海平面振幅

DOI:
10.1038/s41586-021-04148-0
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Hemming, S. R.
Hemming, S. R.
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Marschalek, J. W.;Zurli, L.;Talarico, F.;van de Flierdt, T.;Vermeesch, P.;Carter, A.;Beny, F.;Bout-Roumazeilles, V.;Sangiorgi, F.;Hemming, S. R.

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根据远场记录估计的早至中新世中期海平面振荡约为40-60米,这被解释为反映了在温暖高峰期间几乎所有东南极洲冰的损失。这与冰盖模型实验结果形成了对比,后者表明,即使在中新世中期最温暖的时期,东南极洲的大部分陆地冰也被保留了下来。如果在中新世早期存在一个巨大的南极西部冰原(WAIS),并在大部分外大陆架上扩展,占冰原体积的最大,则数据和模式输出可以协调一致。在此,我们提供了最早的地质证据,证明早中新世(~17.72 ~ 17.40 Ma)发生了大规模的WAIS扩张。地球化学和岩石学数据表明,在罗斯海中部的国际海洋发现计划(IODP) U1521地点发现的冰川海洋沉积物来自西南极洲,这要求存在覆盖大部分罗斯海大陆架的WAIS。地震、岩石学和孢粉学数据显示,U1521地点的接地冰断断续续地靠近。根据这组沉积物计算出的侵蚀速率大大超过长期平均值,这意味着西南极洲的侵蚀速度很快。因此,这一间隔抓住了海洋WAIS形成的关键一步,也是南极冰盖演变的转折点。
Early to Middle Miocene sea-level oscillations of approximately 40–60 m estimated from far-field records, –are interpreted to reflect the loss of virtually all East Antarctic ice during peak warmth. This contrasts with ice-sheet model experiments suggesting most terrestrial ice in East Antarctica was retained even during the warmest intervals of the Middle Miocene,. Data and model outputs can be reconciled if a large West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) existed and expanded across most of the outer continental shelf during the Early Miocene, accounting for maximum ice-sheet volumes. Here we provide the earliest geological evidence proving large WAIS expansions occurred during the Early Miocene (~17.72–17.40 Ma). Geochemical and petrographic data show glacimarine sediments recovered at International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1521 in the central Ross Sea derive from West Antarctica, requiring the presence of a WAIS covering most of the Ross Sea continental shelf. Seismic, lithological and palynological data reveal the intermittent proximity of grounded ice to Site U1521. The erosion rate calculated from this sediment package greatly exceeds the long-term mean, implying rapid erosion of West Antarctica. This interval therefore captures a key step in the genesis of a marine-based WAIS and a tipping point in Antarctic ice-sheet evolution.
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