The Above-Anvil Cirrus Plume: An Important Severe Weather Indicator in Visible and Infrared Satellite Imagery
The Above-Anvil Cirrus Plume: An Important Severe Weather Indicator in Visible and Infrared Satellite Imagery
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砧上方卷云羽：可见光和红外卫星图像中重要的恶劣天气指标
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Haiden Mersiovsky
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Bedka;E. M. Murillo;C. Homeyer;B. Scarino;Haiden Mersiovsky
强烈的对流式渗透向上和重力波会产生cirrus羽毛，这些羽质位于主要砧之上。尽管进行了这项研究，但仍有不确定性考虑为什么某些风暴会产生AACP，但其他近风暴并没有进行AACPS的暴风雨，以及AACP的识别如何有助于对这些不确定性进行严重的警告，通过分析恶劣天气报告，NOAA/国家天气服务（NWS）严重的天气，club club cloud cloud and of clud cloud and teplation and of cloud cloud，cloud contrestion and coint and swotpl ardive and swotplation and swotplation dopplation dopplation dopplations do.通过超快速扫描观察到的4583次风暴，其中405次通过雷达对象跟踪会产生AACP。 AACP风暴； 4）AACP可以提供与预报器提供的可比警告时间；
Intense tropopause-penetrating updrafts and gravity wave breaking generate cirrus plumes that reside above the primary anvil. These “above anvil cirrus plumes” (AACPs) exhibit unique temperature and reflectance patterns in satellite imagery, best recognized within 1-min “super rapid scan” observations. AACPs are often evident during severe weather outbreaks and, due to their importance, have been studied for 35+ years. Despite this research, there is uncertainty regarding why some storms produce AACPs but other nearby storms do not, exactly how severe are storms with AACPs, and how AACP identification can assist with severe weather warning. These uncertainties are addressed through analysis of severe weather reports, NOAA/National Weather Service (NWS) severe weather warnings, metrics of updraft cloud height, intensity, and rotation derived from Doppler radars, as well as ground-based total lightning observations for 4583 storms observed by GOES super rapid scanning, 405 of which produced an AACP. Datasets are accumulated throughout storm lifetimes through radar object tracking. It is found that 1) AACP storms generated 14 times the number of reports per storm compared to non-AACP storms; 2) AACPs appeared, on average, 31 min in advance of severe weather; 3) 73% of significant severe weather reports were produced by AACP storms; 4) AACP recognition can provide comparable warning lead time to that provided by a forecaster; and 5) the presence of an AACP can increase forecaster confidence that large hail will occur. Given that AACPs occur throughout the world, and most of the world is not observed by Doppler radar, AACP-based severe storm identification and warning would be extremely helpful for protecting lives and property.