Do soil inoculants accelerate dryland restoration? A simultaneous assessment of biocrusts and mycorrhizal fungi
Do soil inoculants accelerate dryland restoration? A simultaneous assessment of biocrusts and mycorrhizal fungi
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DOI：
10.1111/rec.13088
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Bowker, Matthew A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chaudhary, V. Bala;Akland, Kristine;Bowker, Matthew A.
生物土壤结皮（biocrusts）和丛枝菌根（AM）真菌是土壤生物的群落，经常被用来协助实现多种生态恢复目标。在旱地，生物结皮和AM真菌接种所带来的好处，如改善原生植物的建立和土壤的稳定，主要是分开研究的。然而，需要比较这两种类型的土壤接种剂并调查它们之间潜在的协同作用，特别是在植物群落规模上，以便为旱地的实地管理实践提供信息。本研究通过两个全因子试验——一个在温室中生态系统中，一个在田间小块中——来测试AM真菌接种、生物结皮接种及其相互作用对旱地恢复成功的多项指标的影响。接种生物硬壳对土壤稳定性和植物抗旱性有促进作用，但对本地植物多样性（温室为正，田间为中性）和生产力（温室为负，田间为中性）的影响喜忧参半。在温室中生态系统中，接种菌皮可减少植物生物量，对AM真菌定殖的%根长有拮抗作用。在两项研究中，接种天然AM真菌或商业AM真菌对植物的生长、耐旱性或土壤稳定性没有影响，同时接种AM真菌和生物结皮的协同效应也很少。这些结果表明，根据现有土壤群落的条件，接种AM真菌可能不是促进旱地恢复目标的必要条件，而接种回收的生物结皮可能在某些情况下是有益的。
Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are communities of soil organisms often targeted to assist in the achievement of multiple ecological restoration goals. In drylands, benefits conferred from biocrust and AM fungal inoculation, such as improved native plant establishment and soil stabilization, have primarily been studied separately. However, comparisons between these two types of soil inoculants and investigations into potential synergies between them, particularly at the plant community scale, are needed to inform on-the-ground management practices in drylands. We conducted two full-factorial experiments-one in greenhouse mesocosms and one in field plots-to test the effects of AM fungal inoculation, biocrust inoculation, and their interaction on multiple measures of dryland restoration success. Biocrust inoculation promoted soil stabilization and plant drought tolerance, but had mixed effects on native plant diversity (positive in greenhouse, neutral in field) and productivity (negative in greenhouse, neutral in field). In greenhouse mesocosms, biocrust inoculation reduced plant biomass, which was antagonistic to % root length colonized by AM fungi. Inoculation with native or commercial AM fungi did not influence plant establishment, drought tolerance, or soil stabilization in either study, and few synergistic effects of simultaneous inoculation of AM fungi and biocrusts were observed. These results suggest that, depending on the condition of existing soil communities, inoculation with AM fungi may not be necessary to promote dryland restoration goals, while inoculation with salvaged biocrust inoculation may be beneficial in some contexts.