Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms and Nutritional Aspects.
Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms and Nutritional Aspects.
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DOI：
10.7762/cnr.2018.7.4.229
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发表时间：
2018-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yang SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lee HJ;Seo HI;Cha HY;Yang YJ;Kwon SH;Yang SJ
在正常条件下，通过协调控制各种激素（包括胰岛素和胰高血糖素）以及细胞因子，血糖稳态得到良好维持。然而，长期暴露于高脂高糖饮食和身心应激的糖尿病环境中可引起高血糖，这是胰岛素抵抗、代谢综合征和糖尿病的主要特征之一。高血压损害器官发生并诱导器官异常，如子宫内的心脏缺陷。它是成年人代谢疾病发展的危险因素。产生的葡萄糖毒性影响外周组织和血管，引起病理并发症，包括糖尿病神经病变、肾病、血管损伤和心血管疾病。此外，长期暴露于高血糖会恶化认知功能和心理健康的其他方面。近年来的研究表明，高血糖与认知功能障碍和痴呆的发生密切相关，提示高血糖与痴呆之间可能存在因果关系。随着人们对衰老相关疾病和精神健康的关注，糖尿病相关认知功能障碍引起了人们的极大关注。据推测，葡萄糖毒性可导致脑细胞和神经的结构损伤和功能障碍、脑血管出血以及淀粉样蛋白β积累增加。这些是糖尿病相关痴呆的潜在机制。营养素和天然食物成分作为预防和/或干预策略进行了研究。在候选成分中，白藜芦醇，姜黄素及其类似物可能有助于预防糖尿病相关的认知障碍。本综述的目的是讨论最近的实验证据，糖尿病和认知功能障碍，并建议潜在的营养干预策略，预防和/或治疗糖尿病相关的痴呆。
Blood glucose homeostasis is well maintained by coordinated control of various hormones including insulin and glucagon as well as cytokines under normal conditions. However, chronic exposure to diabetic environment with high fat/high sugar diets and physical/mental stress can cause hyperglycemia, one of main characteristics of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Hyperglycemia impairs organogenesis and induces organ abnormalities such as cardiac defect in utero. It is a risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases in adults. Resulting glucotoxicity affects peripheral tissues and vessels, causing pathological complications including diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy, vessel damage, and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, chronic exposure to hyperglycemia can deteriorate cognitive function and other aspects of mental health. Recent reports have demonstrated that hyperglycemia is closely related to the development of cognitive impairment and dementia, suggesting that there may be a cause-effect relationship between hyperglycemia and dementia. With increasing interests in aging-related diseases and mental health, diabetes-related cognitive impairment is attracting great attention. It has been speculated that glucotoxicity can result in structural damage and functional impairment of brain cells and nerves, hemorrhage of cerebral blood vessel, and increased accumulation of amyloid beta. These are potential mechanisms underlying diabetes-related dementia. Nutrients and natural food components have been investigated as preventive and/or intervention strategy. Among candidate components, resveratrol, curcumin, and their analogues might be beneficial for the prevention of diabetes-related cognitive impairment. The purposes of this review are to discuss recent experimental evidence regarding diabetes and cognitive impairment and to suggest potential nutritional intervention strategies for the prevention and/or treatment of diabetes-related dementia.