Citizen science frontiers: Efficiency, engagement, and serendipitous discovery with human–machine systems
Citizen science frontiers: Efficiency, engagement, and serendipitous discovery with human–machine systems
复制标题
公民科学前沿：人机系统的效率、参与度和偶然发现
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1807190116
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fortson, Lucy F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Trouille, Laura;Lintott, Chris J.;Fortson, Lucy F.
公民科学已被证明是一种独特而有效的工具，可以帮助科学和社会科普现代研究领域不断增长的数据速率和数量。它还在以直接，真实的方式让公众参与研究方面发挥着关键作用，并通过这样做促进了对科学过程的更好理解。为了充分利用跨学科的数据冲击，公民科学平台必须利用人类和机器的互补优势。这篇观点文章探讨了在设计人机系统时遇到的问题，这些系统针对效率和志愿者参与度进行了优化，同时努力保护和鼓励偶然发现的机会。我们讨论了Zooniverse，一个大型的在线公民科学平台的案例研究，并表明，结合人类和机器分类可以有效地产生上级的结果，无论是单独和智能任务分配可以导致系统的进一步效率。虽然这些例子清楚地表明了在线公民科学系统中人机集成的前景，但我们随后详细探讨了系统设计选择如何无意中降低志愿者参与度，创造排他性做法，并减少偶然发现的机会。在整个过程中，我们研究了在设计人机系统时出现的紧张局势，该系统以最有效的方式进行研究，同时授权广泛的社区真正参与这项研究的双重目标。
Citizen science has proved to be a unique and effective tool in helping science and society cope with the ever-growing data rates and volumes that characterize the modern research landscape. It also serves a critical role in engaging the public with research in a direct, authentic fashion and by doing so promotes a better understanding of the processes of science. To take full advantage of the onslaught of data being experienced across the disciplines, it is essential that citizen science platforms leverage the complementary strengths of humans and machines. ThisPerspectivespiece explores the issues encountered in designing human–machine systems optimized for both efficiency and volunteer engagement, while striving to safeguard and encourage opportunities for serendipitous discovery. We discuss case studies from Zooniverse, a large online citizen science platform, and show that combining human and machine classifications can efficiently produce results superior to those of either one alone and how smart task allocation can lead to further efficiencies in the system. While these examples make clear the promise of human–machine integration within an online citizen science system, we then explore in detail how system design choices can inadvertently lower volunteer engagement, create exclusionary practices, and reduce opportunity for serendipitous discovery. Throughout we investigate the tensions that arise when designing a human–machine system serving the dual goals of carrying out research in the most efficient manner possible while empowering a broad community to authentically engage in this research.
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DOI：
10.1609/icwsm.v8i1.14539
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media
影响因子：
--
作者：
Markus Luczak;Ramine Tinati;E. Simperl;M. V. Kleek;N. Shadbolt;R. J. Simpson
通讯作者：
R. J. Simpson
旧天气：19 世纪和 21 世纪的公民科学家
影响因子：
--
作者：
S. Shuttleworth
通讯作者：
S. Shuttleworth
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2015.0314
发表时间：
2016-09-19
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Anderson, T. Michael;White, Staci;Packer, Craig
通讯作者：
Packer, Craig
影响因子：
10.3
作者：
Newman, Greg;Wiggins, Andrea;Crowston, Kevin
通讯作者：
Crowston, Kevin
协调高级群体工作：扩展公民科学
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kevin Crowston;Erica Mitchell;Carsten S. Østerlund
通讯作者：
Carsten S. Østerlund