Effect of Conditioned Stimulus Exposure during Slow Wave Sleep on Fear Memory Extinction in Humans
Effect of Conditioned Stimulus Exposure during Slow Wave Sleep on Fear Memory Extinction in Humans
复制标题
慢波睡眠期间条件刺激暴露对人类恐惧记忆消退的影响
作者：
He, Jia;Sun, Hong-Qiang;Lu, Lin
研究目的：在没有有害的非条件刺激（US）的情况下，重复暴露于中性条件刺激（CS）会诱发恐惧记忆消退。本研究的目的是探讨在慢波睡眠（SWS）期间的温和的音调暴露（CS）对恐惧记忆灭绝在humans.Design的影响：健康志愿者进行了听觉恐惧条件化范式的实验之夜，在此期间的音调作为CS，和一个温和的冲击作为美国。然后，他们被随机分配到四组。在SWS过程中，三组分别暴露于CS 3或10 min或不相关的音调（控制刺激，CtrS）10 min。第四组作为对照组，不进行任何干预。所有受试者在SWS丰富阶段后4 h完成记忆测试，以评估对恐惧消退的影响。此外，我们在白天进行了类似的实验，使用一组独立的受试者来测试记忆消退效应是否只针对睡眠条件。参与者：96名健康志愿者（44名男性），年龄18-28岁。测量和结果：参与者在连续2个晚上表现出不受干扰的睡眠，通过多导睡眠图记录和功率谱分析的睡眠变量进行评估（均P > 0.05）。在慢波睡眠和清醒状态下再次暴露于10 min CS的受试者表现出明显的恐惧反应减弱（清醒-10 min CS，P < 0.05;慢波睡眠-10 min CS，P < 0.01）。
Study Objectives: Repeated exposure to a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) in the absence of a noxious unconditioned stimulus (US) elicits fear memory extinction. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of mild tone exposure (CS) during slow wave sleep (SWS) on fear memory extinction in humans.Design: The healthy volunteers underwent an auditory fear conditioning paradigm on the experimental night, during which tones served as the CS, and a mild shock served as the US. They were then randomly assigned to four groups. Three groups were exposed to the CS for 3 or 10 min or an irrelevant tone (control stimulus, CtrS) for 10 min during SWS. The fourth group served as controls and was not subjected to any interventions. All of the subjects completed a memory test 4 h after SWS-rich stage to evaluate the effect on fear extinction. Moreover, we conducted similar experiments using an independent group of subjects during the daytime to test whether the memory extinction effect was specific to the sleep condition.Participants: Ninety-six healthy volunteers (44 males) aged 18-28 y.Measurements and Results: Participants exhibited undisturbed sleep during 2 consecutive nights, as assessed by sleep variables (all P > 0.05) from polysomnographic recordings and power spectral analysis. Participants who were re-exposed to the 10 min CS either during SWS and wakefulness exhibited attenuated fear responses (wake-10 min CS, P < 0.05; SWS-10 min CS, P < 0.01).Conclusions: Conditioned stimulus re-exposure during slow wave sleep promoted fear memory extinction without altering sleep profiles.