Do women need women MPs?
Do women need women MPs?
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女性需要女议员吗？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Lovenduski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rosie Campbell;Sarah Childs;J. Lovenduski
本文通过考察英国精英和大众对性别平等和妇女代表性的态度，分析了代表和代表之间的关系。在这样做的过程中，我们推进了女权主义文学中与女性的描述性和实质性代表性有关的论点。我们的一般论点是，如果男性和女性在群众层面上有不同的态度，这在政治精英中重复出现，那么妇女人数偏低将对妇女的实质性代表性产生负面影响。该分析是在英国选举研究(BES)和英国代表研究(BRS)系列上进行的。通过因子分析，我们确定了性别平等的两个维度。第一个衡量对妇女代表性的态度，第二个衡量对两性平等的传统态度(例如妇女是否应该呆在家里，或者她们是否应该从事有报酬的工作)。我们的分析表明，在英国选民中，无论男女，年轻群体的态度都比年长群体更具女权主义倾向。然而，年轻女性比年轻男性更具女权主义倾向。矛盾的是，年轻群体中女权主义程度较高的同时，对描述性政治代表性的支持率低于年长女性群体，尽管年轻男性的支持率低于年轻女性。因此，在表明妇女代表和广大妇女有不同的态度--在这种情况下更多的是女权主义者--时，我们认为我们的代表机构确实很重要：虽然妇女可能不想要妇女代表，但她们很可能需要她们。
This paper analyses the relationship between representatives and represented by examining elite and mass attitudes to gender equality and women’s representation in Britain. In so doing, we move forward arguments in the feminist literature relating to women’s descriptive and substantive representation. Our general argument is that if men and women have different attitudes at the mass level and this is reproduced amongst political elites then the numerical under-representation of women will have negative implications for women’s substantive representation. The analysis is conducted on the British Election Study (BES) and the British Representation Study (BRS) series. Using factor analysis we identify two dimensions to gender equality. The first measures attitudes to the representation of women and the second traditional attitudes to gender equality (such as whether women should stay at home or whether they should be in paid employment). Our analysis demonstrates that, among the British electorate, younger cohorts of both sexes report attitudes that are more feminist than older cohorts. However, younger women are more feminist than younger men. Paradoxically, the greater feminism of younger cohorts occurs in conjunction with lower support for the descriptive political representation than is found in older female cohorts, albeit with younger men less supportive than younger women. Thus, in showing that women representatives and women at the mass level have different attitudes, in this case more feminist ones, we contend that bodies of our representatives do indeed matter: although women may not want women representatives they may well need them.