The firstborn's adjustment to the birth of a sibling: a longitudinal assessment.
The firstborn's adjustment to the birth of a sibling: a longitudinal assessment.
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长子对兄弟姐妹出生的调整：纵向评估。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1987.tb01382.x
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发表时间：
1987
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Salvador,MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stewart,RB;Mobley,LA;VanTuyl,SS;Salvador,MA
41个中产阶级家庭在出生后1个月和第二个孩子出生后1，4，8和12个月进行了访谈，以评估第一个孩子对这一事件的反应和适应。家庭成员也观察到在一个半结构化的发挥会议，以获得有关家庭互动模式的变化的信息。进行对数线性分析，以将分层模型拟合到2（儿童性别）× 2（婴儿性别）× 4（相对于婴儿出生的测量时间）× 2（存在或不存在问题回归行为）× 14（报告的问题行为类型）矩阵。发现具有2个统计学显著效应的模型与观察到的频率矩阵非常好地拟合，拟合优度（GF）X2（312，N = 2，296）= 97.47，p <0.99。这个模型表明：（1）第一个婴儿的反应类型随出生后时间的变化而变化;他们最初的反应要么是模仿婴儿，要么是与母亲或婴儿对抗，而产后4个月的反应以许多焦虑行为为特征，但模仿或对抗较少，后来的反应主要是与越来越多的侵入性和独立的婴儿对抗;（2）同性兄弟姐妹的母亲报告的问题行为频率更高，特别是在产后1个月和8个月的评估中。观察数据表明，随着时间的推移，母亲显着减少了与第一个孩子的互动，但父亲往往保持相对稳定的互动频率。
41 middle-class families were interviewed at 1 month prepartum and 1, 4, 8, and 12 months after the birth of a second child to assess the reaction and adjustment of firstborn children to this event. Family members were also observed in a semistructured play session in order to obtain information concerning changes in familial interaction patterns. A log linear analysis was conducted to fit a hierarchical model to a 2 (child gender) X 2 (infant gender) X 4 (time of measurement relative to birth of infant) X 2 (presence or absence of problematic regressive behavior) X 14 (type of problematic behavior reported) matrix. A model with 2 statistically significant effects was found to fit the observed frequency matrix quite well, goodness-of-fit (GF) χ2(312, N = 2,296) = 97.47, p < .99. This model suggests (1) that the type of response displayed by the firstborns varied as a function of time since the birth; that their initial responses were either imitations of the infant or confrontations with the mother or infant, whereas responses at 4 months postpartum were characterized by numerous anxiety behaviors but fewer imitations or confrontations, and later responses were primarily confrontations with the increasingly intrusive and independent infant; and (2) that a greater frequency of problematic behavior was reported by the mothers of same-sex sibling dyads, especially at the 1- and 8-month postpartum assessments. Observational data indicated that mothers dramatically decreased their interactions with the firstborn children over time but that fathers tended to remain relatively stable in their frequencies of interaction.