Phage against the machine: discovery and mechanism of type V anti-CRISPRs.
Phage against the machine: discovery and mechanism of type V anti-CRISPRs.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168054
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发表时间：
2023-03
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Nicole D. Marino
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nicole D. Marino
多种细菌CRISPR-Cas系统的发现重新点燃了人们对理解细菌防御途径的兴趣，同时产生了令人兴奋的基因组编辑新工具。CRISPR-Cas系统广泛分布于原核生物中，存在于40%的细菌和90%的古细菌中，它们作为适应性免疫系统起作用，抵抗细菌病毒（噬菌体）和其他可移动的遗传因子。反过来，噬菌体进化出了抑制剂，称为抗crispr蛋白，以防止靶向。在这场共同进化的军备竞赛中，V型CRISPR-Cas12系统已经成为一个特别令人兴奋的舞台。V型抗crispr具有高度多样化和新颖的作用机制，其中一些似乎异常有效或广泛。在本文中，我们讨论了这些抗crispr的发现和机制以及未来的探索领域。
The discovery of diverse bacterial CRISPR-Cas systems has reignited interest in understanding bacterial defense pathways while yielding exciting new tools for genome editing. CRISPR-Cas systems are widely distributed in prokaryotes, found in 40% of bacteria and 90% of archaea, where they function as adaptive immune systems against bacterial viruses (phage) and other mobile genetic elements. In turn, phage have evolved inhibitors, called anti-CRISPR proteins, to prevent targeting. Type V CRISPR-Cas12 systems have emerged as a particularly exciting arena in this co-evolutionary arms race. Type V anti-CRISPRs have highly diverse and novel mechanisms of action, some of which appear to be unusually potent or widespread. In this review, we discuss the discovery and mechanism of these anti-CRISPRs as well as future areas for exploration.