Changing the Russian Electoral System: Inside the Black Box

Changing the Russian Electoral System: Inside the Black Box
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改变俄罗斯选举制度:黑匣子内部

DOI:
10.1080/09668136.2011.566424
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发表时间:
2011
影响因子:
1.4
通讯作者:
White S
White S
中科院分区:
法学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
White S

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2005年5月关于国家杜马选举的新法律并不出人意料。2004年9月,普京总统在俄罗斯政府扩大会议上发表了内容广泛的讲话,其中已经确定了其主要特点,他在讲话中提出了一系列必须在该月初别斯兰劫持人质悲剧对国家权威提出挑战之后进行的改革。在这种情况下,他告诉听众,他们的政府制度必须“不仅适应于在危机情况下工作”,而且“从根本上重建”,以便防止国家分裂和俄罗斯本身的崩溃。这一结构调整的一个“关键因素”是在各级政府系统进行重组,以便形成一个“单一的权力系统”。每个地区的主要官员都应该由国家元首提名,然后由当地议会批准,并且应该有更强大的国家政党。这是确保"当局之间在反恐斗争中进行真实的对话和互动“的方式之一。这反过来又需要一个完全按比例选举国民议会的制度。 1
The new law on elections to the State Duma of May 2005 was hardly unexpected. Its major features had already been identified in President Putin’s wide-ranging speech to an expanded meeting of the Russian government in September 2004, in which he set out a series of changes that must follow the challenge to state authority that had been presented by the Beslan hostage-taking tragedy at the start of that month. In circumstances of this kind, he told his audience, their system of government had to be ‘not merely adapted to work in crisis situations’ but ‘fundamentally restructured’, so that it could prevent the breakup of the state and the collapse of Russia itself. A ‘crucial element’ in this restructuring was a reconstitution of the governmental system at all levels so that it formed a ‘single system of authority’. The leading officials in every region should be nominated by the head of state and then approved by local parliaments, and there should be stronger national parties. This was one of the ways of ensuring ‘real dialogue and interaction between the authorities in the struggle against terror’. This would in turn require an entirely proportional system of elections to the national parliament. 1
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