Acute effects of inhaled menthol on the rewarding effects of intravenous nicotine in smokers
Acute effects of inhaled menthol on the rewarding effects of intravenous nicotine in smokers
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DOI：
10.1177/0269881118773972
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Sofuoglu, Mehmet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Valentine, Gerald W.;DeVito, Elise E.;Sofuoglu, Mehmet
目的：这项双盲、安慰剂对照研究检查了从电子烟中吸入的薄荷醇是否（电子烟）将改变年轻成年吸烟者静脉注射尼古丁的主观和戒断缓解效果。共有32名薄荷偏好吸烟者和25名非薄荷偏好吸烟者参与了这项研究，该研究由三种不同的吸入薄荷醇条件组成（0.0%、0.5%和3.2%）。在每个测试会话中（至少间隔24小时进行）、随机顺序的盐水和0.25 mg和0.5 mg/70 kg体重的两种不同的尼古丁输注，间隔1小时，同时吸入薄荷醇。虽然薄荷醇没有改变尼古丁的积极主观效果，薄荷醇显著增强了尼古丁在非薄荷醇偏好吸烟者中的厌恶作用，并降低了薄荷醇偏好吸烟者的吸烟欲望。此外，偏好薄荷的吸烟者报告说，对尼古丁的积极主观反应减弱，夜间尼古丁剥夺后尼古丁戒断症状减轻。最后，相比非薄荷醇偏好的吸烟者，薄荷醇偏好的吸烟者有一个显着较低的基线尼古丁代谢物的比例表明较慢的尼古丁代谢在我们的样本中的薄荷醇偏好smokers.Conclusions：我们的研究结果并不支持增强尼古丁的积极的主观效果吸入薄荷醇。然而，与非薄荷醇偏好吸烟者相比，薄荷醇偏好吸烟者对尼古丁的积极主观反应减弱，夜间戒断严重程度降低，部分原因可能是长期暴露于吸入薄荷醇抑制了尼古丁代谢。总的来说，这些结果揭示了吸入薄荷醇在吸烟者中的作用比以前认识到的更复杂和微妙。
Objective: This double-blind, placebo controlled study examined whether menthol inhaled from an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) would change subjective and withdrawal alleviating effects of intravenous nicotine in young adult smokers.Methods: A total of 32 menthol-preferring smokers and 25 non-menthol-preferring smokers participated in the study that consisted of a random sequence of three different inhaled menthol conditions (0.0%, 0.5%, and 3.2%) across three test sessions (a single menthol condition per session). In each test session (performed at least 24 hours apart), a random order of saline, and two different nicotine infusions of 0.25 mg and 0.5 mg/70 kg of bodyweight were administered, one hour apart, concurrent with menthol inhalation.Results: While menthol did not alter the positive subjective effects of nicotine, menthol significantly enhanced aversive effects of nicotine in non-menthol-preferring smokers and reduced smoking urges in menthol-preferring smokers. In addition, menthol-preferring smokers reported blunted positive subjective responses to nicotine and less severe nicotine withdrawal after overnight nicotine deprivation. Finally, compared to non-menthol-preferring smokers, menthol-preferring smokers had a significantly lower baseline nicotine metabolite ratio indicating slower nicotine metabolism within our sample of menthol-preferring smokers.Conclusions: Our findings did not support an enhancement of nicotine's positive subjective effects from inhaled menthol. However, as compared to non-menthol-preferring smokers, menthol-preferring smokers had blunted positive subjective responses to nicotine and reduced overnight withdrawal severity that may be partly due to inhibition of nicotine metabolism from chronic exposure to inhaled menthol. Collectively, these results reveal a more complex and nuanced role of inhaled menthol in smokers than previously recognized.