VICARIANCE BIOGEOGRAPHY, PARSIMONY, AND EVOLUTION IN NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
VICARIANCE BIOGEOGRAPHY, PARSIMONY, AND EVOLUTION IN NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
复制标题
北美淡水鱼类的生物地理、简约性和进化
DOI：
10.1093/sysbio/37.4.329
复制
发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
R. Mayden
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Mayden
北美淡水鱼区系表现出相当大的物种多样性和特有模式。动物群在研究和检验生物地理学和进化理论方面具有巨大的潜力。然而，由于我们对本地鱼类物种关系的了解贫乏，许多这样的研究目前无法执行。北美东部中部高地地区的鱼类群落是这种观察的例外。动物群多样，并包含可识别为一般生物地理带的特有模式。本文综述了该鱼类学，并将其作为生物系统发育关系在生物地理研究中的应用案例。该方法将物种关系和分布编码为二进制和多态数据矩阵，并使用简约算法进行分析，以阐明动物群的年龄、起源和生物地理历史。物种居住的河流类似于分类群；物种之间的关系及其分布类似于每个分类群（河流）所具有的特征。从7个鱼类分支中，获得了33个同样简洁的中部高地流域的分支图。由此得出的严格一致的枝状图与已知的北美东部河流的前更新世地质历史相一致，并支持了古代鱼系动物的假设。有了这组鱼类分支，莫比尔盆地形成了密西西比河流域所有河流的姐妹群。在密西西比河支流中，包括田纳西河、达克河、坎伯兰河和格林河在内的支流与肯塔基州的盐河形成了姐妹群。这个分支是一个大的Teays-Mississippi分支的姐妹。在后一组中，俄亥俄河上游的支流（以前是Teays河）和一个包括穿过冰川覆盖的中央低地和进入内陆高地的河流的分支之间形成了姐妹群关系。这些关系可以从冰期前的排水模式来预测，但不能用现在的排水连接来预测。在已知的前冰期排水史和排水枝状图之间的一致性支持了一种多样性和广泛分布的前更新世中央高地鱼鱼动物群的存在。（生物地理学；淡水鱼；简约；系统发育系统学；进化；物种形成；灭绝。）
The North American freshwater fish fauna exhibits considerable species diversity and patterns of endemism. The fauna has enormous potential for use in investigations and tests of biogeographic and evolutionary theories. Many of these studies are presently impossible to execute, however, because of our impoverished knowledge of native fish species relationships. Fish communities of the Central Highland Regions of eastern North America are exceptions to this observation. The fauna is diverse and contains patterns of endemism identifiable as gen- eralized biogeographic tracts. This ichthyofauna is reviewed and employed as a case study in applications of phylogenetic relationships of organisms in vicariance biogeography. In this new method species relationships and distributions are coded in a binary and multistate data matrix and analyzed using a parsimony algorithm to elucidate the age, origin, and biogeographic history of the fauna. Rivers inhabited by species are analogous to taxa; relationships between species and their distributions are analogous to characters possessed by each of the taxa (Rivers). From seven fish clades, 33 equally parsimonious cladograms are obtained for the Central Highland drainages. The resulting strict consensus cladogram is consistent with the known pre- Pleistocene geological history of eastern North American rivers and supports the hypothesis of an ancient ichthyofauna. With this group of fish clades the Mobile Basin forms the sister group to all rivers of the Mississippi River Basin. Among the Mississippi River tributaries, a clade inclusive of the Tennessee, Duck, Cumberland, and Green rivers forms the sister group with the Salt River in Kentucky. This clade is sister to a large Teays-Mississippi clade. Within the latter group, a sister-group relationship is obtained between tributaries of the upper Ohio River, formerly of the Teays River, and a clade inclusive of rivers across the glaciated Central Lowlands and into the Interior Highlands. These relationships may be predicted from pre-glacial drainage patterns, but not by present-day drainage connections. Concordance between the known pre- glacial drainage history and the drainage cladogram supports the existence of a diverse and widespread pre-Pleistocene Central Highlands ichthyofauna. (Biogeography; freshwater fishes; parsimony; phylogenetic systematics; evolution; speciation; extinction.)