The influence of sex, handedness, and washing on the diversity of hand surface bacteria
The influence of sex, handedness, and washing on the diversity of hand surface bacteria
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0807920105
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发表时间：
2008-11-18
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Knight, Rob
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fierer, Noah;Hamady, Micah;Knight, Rob
细菌在人体上和人体内繁殖。人类最大的微生物栖息地之一是皮肤表面，其中含有大量对健康有重要影响的细菌。我们检查了51名健康年轻成年志愿者的优势和非优势手的手掌表面，以表征手上的细菌多样性，并评估其个体内和个体间的变异性。我们使用了一种新的基于焦磷酸测序的方法，使我们能够以前所未有的细节水平调查手部表面的细菌群落。与皮肤相关的细菌群落的多样性令人惊讶地高;一个典型的手表面含有超过150个独特的物种水平的细菌群落类型，我们在所有检查的手中确定了总共4，742个独特的细菌群落类型。虽然有一个核心组的细菌分类群通常发现在手掌表面，我们观察到显着的内部和人际细菌群落组成的变化：手从同一个人共享只有17%的细菌类型，与不同的个人共享只有13%。女性比男性有显着更高的多样性，和社区组成的影响显着的惯用手，时间，因为最后洗手，和个人的性别。本研究所说明的微生物生态学中个体内部和个体之间的差异强调了定义“健康”细菌群落的固有挑战;解决这些挑战对国际人类微生物组项目至关重要。
Bacteria thrive on and within the human body. One of the largest human-associated microbial habitats is the skin surface, which harbors large numbers of bacteria that can have important effects on health. We examined the palmar surfaces of the dominant and nondominant hands of 51 healthy young adult volunteers to characterize bacterial diversity on hands and to assess its variability within and between individuals. We used a novel pyrosequencing-based method that allowed us to survey hand surface bacterial communities at an unprecedented level of detail. The diversity of skin-associated bacterial communities was surprisingly high; a typical hand surface harbored >150 unique species-level bacterial phylotypes, and we identified a total of 4,742 unique phylotypes across all of the hands examined. Although there was a core set of bacterial taxa commonly found on the palm surface, we observed pronounced intra- and interpersonal variation in bacterial community composition: hands from the same individual shared only 17% of their phylotypes, with different individuals sharing only 13%. Women had significantly higher diversity than men, and community composition was significantly affected by handedness, time since last hand washing, and an individual's sex. The variation within and between individuals in microbial ecology illustrated by this study emphasizes the challenges inherent in defining what constitutes a "healthy" bacterial community; addressing these challenges will be critical for the International Human Microbiome Project.