An energy balance under a conventional crop rotation system in northern Japan: Perspectives on fuel ethanol production from sugar beet
An energy balance under a conventional crop rotation system in northern Japan: Perspectives on fuel ethanol production from sugar beet
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2007.12.002
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发表时间：
2008-05-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Koga, Nobuhisa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Koga, Nobuhisa
在可持续和较少依赖能源的农业生物质生产的背景下，建立了冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)、甜菜(Beta uggaris L.subsp.)常规轮作的能量平衡。、小豆(Vigna angularis(Wild.)Ohwi&Ohashi)和马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)在日本北部北海道东京地区高度依赖燃料和物质密集型农业体系下。作为年度能源投入，小豆和冬小麦的拖拉机作业、卡车运输和谷物干燥分别消耗相当于6.09GJ ha(-1)和11.50GJ ha(-1)年的化石燃料。投入产出表估计的农业生产所需材料(化肥、杀虫剂和农业机械)所产生的能量消耗，冬小麦为11.0+/-0.26GJ ha(-1)年(-1)，甜菜为24.38+/-0.35GJ ha(-1)年(-1)。因此，冬小麦、甜菜、小豆和马铃薯生产的燃料和材料年总投入分别为22.51+/-0.26、32.97+/-0.35、20.71+/-1.58和24.44+/-0.41GJ ha(-1)年(-1)。化肥消费对能源消耗的贡献很大，占总能源投入的25-43%。根据1999年至2003年的区域作物生产统计数据，冬小麦、甜菜、小豆和马铃薯产量和作物残体生物量的总能量产出分别为151.3+/-18.1、346.1+/-17.9、42.0+/-18.1和163.8+/-11.6GJ ha(-1)年(-1)，从而使区域常规作物的能量产出/投入比分别为6.72、10.50、2.03和6.7。甜菜具有较高的能量产出/投入比和净能量收益(能量产出-投入)，是该地区最有前途的生物质能源原料作物。然而，对于全糖基甜菜生物乙醇生产系统，由于转化过程需要更多的能量投入，预计能量产出/投入比和净能量增益要低得多。除了改变农艺实践，减少对化石燃料依赖的转化技术对于在日本北部发展可持续的生物乙醇生产系统至关重要。(C)2007 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
In the context of sustainable and less energy-dependent agricultural biomass production, an energy balance was developed for a conventional rotation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris), adzuki bean (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) under the highly fuel-dependent and material-intensive farming systems in the Tokachi region of Hokkaido, northern Japan. As annual energy inputs, tractor operations, truck transportations and grain drying for adzuki bean and winter wheat consumed the equivalent of 6.09 and 11.50 GJ ha(-1) year(-1) in fossil fuels, respectively. Input-output table estimates of the energy consumption resulting from the use of materials necessary to agricultural production (chemical fertilizers, biocides and agricultural machines) ranged between 11.0 +/- 0.26 GJ ha(-1) year(-1) for winter wheat and 24.38 +/- 0.35 GJ ha(-1) year(-1) for sugar beet. Thus, total annual energy inputs for fuel and materials consumed in cultivation and transportation steps amounted to 22.51 +/- 0.26, 32.97 +/- 0.35, 20.71 +/- 1.58 and 24.44 +/- 0.41 GJ ha(-1) year(-1) for winter wheat, sugar beet, adzuki bean and potato production, respectively. Chemical fertilizer consumption contributed significantly to the energy use, representing 25-43% of the total energy inputs. Based on regional crop production statistics (1999-2003), total energy outputs as yield and crop residue biomass were estimated at 151.3 +/- 18.1, 346.1 +/- 17.9, 42.0 +/- 18.1 and 163.8 +/- 11.6 GJ ha(-1) year(-1) for winter wheat, sugar beet, adzuki bean and potato production, respectively, resulting in regional conventional cropping energy output/input ratios of 6.72, 10.50, 2.03 and 6.70. Sugar beet is the most promising biomass-derived energy feedstock crop in this region, due to its high energy output/input ratio and net energy gain (energy output-input). However, for the full sugar beet-based bioethanol production system, a much lower energy output/input ratio and net energy gain were expected, given the greater energy inputs required in the transformation process. In addition to altering agronomic practices, transformation technologies less dependent on fossil fuels are crucial to developing sustainable bioethanol production systems in northern Japan. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.