The Importance of Protein Phosphorylation for Signaling and Metabolism in Response to Diel Light Cycling and Nutrient Availability in a Marine Diatom
The Importance of Protein Phosphorylation for Signaling and Metabolism in Response to Diel Light Cycling and Nutrient Availability in a Marine Diatom
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DOI：
10.3390/biology9070155
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发表时间：
2020-07
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通讯作者：
Maxine H. Tan;Sarah R. Smith;K. Hixson;Justin Tan;James K. McCarthy;Adam B Kustka;A. Allen
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作者：
Maxine H. Tan;Sarah R. Smith;K. Hixson;Justin Tan;James K. McCarthy;Adam B Kustka;A. Allen
硅藻是全球初级生产的主要贡献者，它们在现代海洋中的数量受到铁，氮，磷酸盐，二氧化硅和其他微量金属，维生素和信息化学品的影响。然而，人们对磷酸化在硅藻中的作用及其在调控和信号传导中的作用知之甚少。我们在三角褐指藻的1502个蛋白质上共检测到2759个磷酸化位点。在低铁（n = 108），在diel周期（n = 149），并由于氮的可用性（n = 137）检测到连续磷酸化肽。通过转录本，蛋白质，磷酸化和蛋白质同源性的多组学比较，我们确定了许多蛋白质和关键的细胞过程，可能在磷酸调控的控制下。我们发现磷酸化调节：（1）低铁下生长过程中的碳紧缩和重新分配，（2）开灯后碳流向脂质生物合成，（3）在昼夜循环中转录和翻译的协调，（4）响应氮耗尽。我们还发现了在硅藻铁传感和利用中起主要作用的蛋白质的磷酸化位点，包括黄素氧还蛋白和植物转铁蛋白（ISIP2A），以及鉴定磷酸调节的应激蛋白和激酶。这些发现提供了急需的洞察蛋白磷酸化的作用，在昼夜循环和营养传感硅藻。
Diatoms are major contributors to global primary production and their populations in the modern oceans are affected by availability of iron, nitrogen, phosphate, silica, and other trace metals, vitamins, and infochemicals. However, little is known about the role of phosphorylation in diatoms and its role in regulation and signaling. We report a total of 2759 phosphorylation sites on 1502 proteins detected in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Conditionally phosphorylated peptides were detected at low iron (n = 108), during the diel cycle (n = 149), and due to nitrogen availability (n = 137). Through a multi-omic comparison of transcript, protein, phosphorylation, and protein homology, we identify numerous proteins and key cellular processes that are likely under control of phospho-regulation. We show that phosphorylation regulates: (1) carbon retrenchment and reallocation during growth under low iron, (2) carbon flux towards lipid biosynthesis after the lights turn on, (3) coordination of transcription and translation over the diel cycle and (4) in response to nitrogen depletion. We also uncover phosphorylation sites for proteins that play major roles in diatom Fe sensing and utilization, including flavodoxin and phytotransferrin (ISIP2A), as well as identify phospho-regulated stress proteins and kinases. These findings provide much needed insight into the roles of protein phosphorylation in diel cycling and nutrient sensing in diatoms.