Dietary energy density determined by eight calculation methods in a nationally representative united states population
Dietary energy density determined by eight calculation methods in a nationally representative united states population
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/135.2.273
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发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Rolls, BJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ledikwe, JH;Blanck, HM;Rolls, BJ
在受控的实验室条件下，饮食能量密度[千卡/克(kJ/g)]影响能量摄入。人们对自由生活的人饮食的能量密度知之甚少。由于能量密度调查是一项相对较新的工作，既没有标准的计算方法，也没有公布具有全国代表性的数值。这篇文章考察了基于系统排除饮料类别的能量密度的计算，提供了关于可变性的数据，并比较了具有代表性的美国成年人样本中性别、年龄和种族/民族的值。成年人(19岁)的平均每日膳食能量密度值是使用1994-1996年个人食物摄入量持续调查中的两次24小时召回计算的，这些食物包括食物、食物和液体餐替代品、食物和果汁、食物和牛奶、食物和果汁和牛奶、食物和含能量饮料以及食物和所有饮料。能量密度因计算方法不同而不同，范围为0.94~1.85kcal/g(3.93~7.74kJ/g)。在计算食物和含能量饮料时，个体内和个体间的变异系数最高。在所有计算方法中，男性报告的饮食能量密度都高于女性(P<；0.0001)。不同种族/民族有差异，年龄呈反线性趋势。这些数据表明，在报告能量密度值时，应明确定义饮料包含方案。在流行病学研究中，基于食物和所有饮料以及食物和含能量饮料的计算可能会减少与结果变量的关联。这些具有全国代表性的数据为其他研究提供了一个重要的参考框架，表明饮食能量密度因性别、年龄和种族/民族而异。
Dietary energy density [kcal/g (kJ/g)] influences energy intake under controlled laboratory conditions. Little is known about the energy density of the diets of free-living persons. Because energy density investigations are a relatively new endeavor, there are neither standard calculation methods nor published nationally representative values. This paper examines the calculation of energy density based on systematic exclusion of beverage categories, presents data on variability, and compares values by sex, age, and race/ethnicity in a representative sample of U.S. adults. Mean daily dietary energy density values for adults (aged > 19 y) were calculated using two 24-h recalls from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals 1994-1996 based on food, food and liquid meal replacements, food and alcohol, food and juice, food and milk, food and juice and milk, food and energy-containing beverages, and food and all beverages. Energy density varied by calculation method, ranging from 0.94 to 1.85 kcal/g (3.93-7.74 kJ/g). Intraindividual-to-interindividual CV ratios were highest for the food and energy-containing beverages calculation. Men reported diets with a higher energy density than women for all calculation methods (P < 0.0001). There were differences by race/ethnicity and an inverse linear trend for age. These data indicate that beverage inclusion schemes should be clearly defined when reporting energy density values. In epidemiologic studies, calculations based on food and all beverages and food and energy-containing beverages may diminish associations with outcome variables. These nationally representative data, which provide an important frame of reference for other studies, indicate that dietary energy density differs by sex, age, and race/ethnicity.